Prejudice to Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

Prejudice to Kill a Mockingbird EssayPrejudice denotes a prejudgement and negative opinion formed without adequate knowledge or justification. Individuals who are prejudicial are often biased and act unfavourably to other groups, especially those of differing race and socio-economic status. Ideas and themes about prejudice are powerfully evoked through Harper Lees 1960 novel To Kill a Mocking-bird and the poem The nestling by Valerie Church. To Kill a Mocking-bird explores the prejudices associated with the coloured and underprivileged community group in a small town of the central Alabama which contrasts to the simplistic genius of a mentally-disabled boy in The Child. Through the juxtaposition of ideas conveyed in both texts, audiences are confronted with a greater understanding of the differing aspects of prejudice. Racism is and continues to be unity of the most common types of prejudice experienced and exercised inside the international community. Traditionally, the im portance of race and skin tones was believed to signify the wealth or superiority of an individual or group. Written in the 1960s America, Lees novel concentrates on the negative impact and effect of the orthodox prejudices held a educest the coloured community.Derogative connotation to the minority sullen community as niggers, award the constant racial prejudice experienced by them at heart the small town of. Although the protagonist family are of Anglo descent, they overhaul victims to racial prejudice in their attempt to defend a black person in the court of law. The importance of skin tone is expressed through imagery, where genus Atticus explains the need to symbolically climb into someones skin to consider the light of their circumstances.Further, the repetition of nigger lover connotes the negative attitude Atticus and the Finch family experiences in response to helping Tom Robinson, one of the mockingbirds in the text. Lees employment of the mockingbird as a motif symbo lises the harmless and pity nature of the black community who never annoy you but are heavily prejudiced against simply because of the colour of their skin. As the salient theme within the text, To Kill a Mocking-bird highlights the dire impact of radical prejudice and the disparity between members of difference races within 1960s America.Another aspect of prejudice which is presented within the To Kill a Mockingbird, is the importance of socio-economic class which connotes an individuals standing within a community. Within the text, the town of Maycomb is divided into three unequivocal socio-economic classes from the well respected white working class, the white trash to the African American community. The classes are about the same as each other as they have the same type of people in each, the pricey and the bad. Scout soon realises, theres just one kind of folks. Folks. charge the children in Maycomb are aware of the socio-economic class between the groups of people in the to wn. It is most noticed on the first day Scout went to school Walter did not bring his lunch and Miss Caroline tried to lend him a quarter. As the Cunninghams did not borrow what they could not lend back, Walter refused and Miss Caroline became discomfited until Scout responded with hes a Cunningham which reveals however adolescents in the community actively categorise individuals into stereotypes. Lee has used the freedom of the black community to portray a small towns reaction to their freedom.Those from the black community fortunate enough to have an education were well respected as they had good jobs compared to the rest of the black community. There is a fourth social class briefly mentioned as there only a couple of them. Children of Dolphus Raymond, they are one-half black and half white. They do not fit in either the black nor white community as they have blood of the other race. As Jem says Around here, once you have a drop of Negro blood that makes you all black, refers t o the townsfolks thoughts and beliefs on people with a black heritage.Physical and emotional separation is a prominent theme conveyed in both The Child and To Kill a Mocking-bird. Churchs The Child opens with the lineaments use of third person to recount their sight of a small boy with an incomplete brain. The use of the metaphoric connotation to the boy offers audiences the view that child is mentally- disadvantaged and is subject to prejudice of the general public with their cruel eyes. This representation emphasises the importance of material appearance especially in a society which often judge and assess an individual by their exterior.As Church conveys that the boy experiences mocking voice of the other boys, this emphasises the importance of physical appearance to become accepted in the community even though traditionally, adolescents are presumed to be innocent and free of prejudice. Although physically, the young boy has a dewy-eyed exterior, Church highlights that the bo y is subject to prejudice due to his physical appearance which reveals his disabled nature. Further, this poem also highlights circumstances in which individuals deal with prejudices as the young boy reverts to smiling simply at the onlookers.Whilst totally happy in his world, Church use of imagery emphasises the positive responses to prejudice even though he is still physically separated from civilisation as he is standing on the opposite kerb being mocked by the other boys. The repetition of the young boys physical separation from the others assists in emphasising the physical aspect of prejudice. Valerie Churchs The Child, is an emotive poem which strongly addresses the physical nature of prejudice and the simplistic views by a young boy to combat issues of prejudice.Prejudice is both a physical and emotive plan which is prevalent within society. Harper Lees To Kill a Mocking-bird and Valerie Churchs The Child are texts which offer insight to the effect of prejudices ground on both race and physical appearance. Both texts address the dire consequences of prejudicial acts and comments which continue to separate those in a society. Thus, the study of both texts has allowed audiences to gain a deeper and more extensive insight in the various aspects of prejudice. Word Count 1,000

Compensation and Benefits Strategies Recommendations Essay Example for Free

Compensation and Benefits Strategies Recommendations EssayAs we put this paper together, lets bother sure we cover all told the requirements Conduct a market evaluation by researching what companies in the relevant market are providing to employees from a total remuneration perspective.Recommend a compensation structure.Recommend the position in the market.Create a total compensation and benefits strategy.Consider the use of performance incentives and merit pay to recognize and engage employees. distinguish laws related to the benefits and pay program.A. Cody Comparable to other businesses in the Area (what should the client choose as a benefit package)? Austin, TX average salary for a number one wood with experience is 38k. Other services are hiring in new drivers with clean credentials for $15 an hour plus tips. Austin drivers make about 6% less then the national median. This data was collected from indeed.comB. Patricia Depending on the location check the Market or Str ategy to see if it allow work in that location. landslip Limousine must take a close look at all competitors before building whatever benefit and compensation package. Once landslip Limousine has pin point what the other competitors are offering their employees Landslide then sack cause a clear view of the market and how they can possibly influence potential employees to come and work for the company. Currently there are 122 limousine services in Austin, Texas according to the yellow pages, and they all offers the surmount service at an affordable price. Landslide Limousine testament have to offer an excellent benefits package if it desires to bring aboard experienced recruits and retain any recruits. Landslide Limousine will have to be patient in the beginning of their business and allow the business to flourish to be able to suit the expense of similar packages that would compare to competitors.Landslide Limousine business will be at the scorn end of the market until the business picks up. The company will have to create a creative way to attract and retain skillful employees. Our advocateation is for Landslide to use a strategic broadcast that will separated themselves from the competitors by using an old fashioned marketing way. To bring the finest and positive employees to work for a small business the company will have to demonstrate that their mission is to inspire and implement great values to the company that will benefit the confederation. Landslide should consider marketing themselves out in the community by advertising the positions that will be available and at the same time introduce their company and what it has to offer. The marketing project should include information on what the new recruits can attain, what expertise are required and what opportunity they can develop. What attracts employees to compensation package differ for each employee. A higher occupy whitethorn appeal a younger generation that is single, however an older g eneration with a family may contemplate on having a job that offers flexible hours.We recommend for Landslide Limousines to include monetary and non-monetary components. The business must be competitive with the salary and benefits, such as health insurance, retirement plans and bonuses. The company may wish to incorporate compensation for client satisfaction by rewarding employees with bonuses. Every business recognize that keeping client satisfied is a major give way of developing a successful business. When deciding what wage to start an employee the company may wantto separate employees by experience and skill required for the position. each open position will be given compensation similar to the market induct average rate. The salary rate according to Simply Hire starts with the lower limit wage of $15.60, but not exciding$ 20.65 according to Pay Scale Human Capital.Landslide Limousine may want to consider if their budget permits it to start their wage in between the minimum and max making the start wage at $18.00 this amount will defiantly help the new company post out from the rest of the competition. Limousine chauffeurs average $30,000 a year in Austin, Texas while limousine chauffeur averaged $18.22 an hour making $35,000 annually in Houston, Texas. By creating and attractive compensation packages will ensure a successful recruitment rate, retention rate and employee satisfaction. The litigate of creating a benefits package for 25 employees will tactile sensation as a sensible expense, but the bottom line will be that at the end of the day the company will not make a profit. The company must acknowledged that the benefits package will not be a reasonable expense.C. Jose Based on the number of employees what is the best plan? And will the company add to the plan?D. Seneca Based on the annual net revenue of the company we chose does the plan work for the employees and Company? Based on Landslides plan to have 25 employees and a net revenue of - 50,000, the focus should be on having an incentives plan in place. Knowing that Landslide Limousines plans to choke with a negative budget, and will not be able to offer any benefit compensation packages to it proles, having a strong incentives program in place is very pivitol to retain its employees. Holding quality employees involves a tactical plan for benefits that rewards personnel for business devotion. This inspires new staff to make a compact to build a profession with your business and prevents traditional employees from leaping to other corporations. These incentive systems should be easy for workers to understand and achievable enough at its lower levels to reassure employees to work tougher to reach their goals.A compensation system with performance levels that are too high for employees to reach early on in the process wont encourage harder work because employees will simply ignore it. Making this syestem Merit based will be the simplest way to operate and rewardindi viduals for there work. In order for this system to be effective, the merit pay program must certify that rewards provided to the best personnel will be noticeably check than growths given to normal or below-average worker. The theory of performance-based compensation for employees is that they should be compensated generously for out performing their co-workers, but if a worker performance is ordinary, that worker compensation should show thatE. Michael Finally each company is expecting the Revenue growth to stay the same for either the 1st or 2nd year does the plan we chose for them accommodate these percentages.ConclusionWhatever we will conclude with our paper.Referenceshttp//www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes533041.htmhttp//www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-limo-driver-jobs.htmlhttp//www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Chauffeur/Hourly_Rate http//www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-limousine-driver-l-austin-tx-jobs.html http//www.yellowpages.com/austin-tx/limo-service?s=relevance http//smallbu siness.chron.com/advantages-teambased-incentive-pay-plans-21693.html http//www.sibson.com/services/performance-and-rewards/pay-for-performance/incentive-plan-design/

Treatment of Down Syndrome using Haloperidol

Treatment of chain reactor Syndrome apply haloperidolCLINICAL RESEARCH FACILITY APPLICATIONQ1 Details of Main communicateTitle Namehaloperidol in Down Syndrome and Sivaram Kumar Sivalingam PandiyarajanQ2 Study titleTreatment of Down Syndrome using HaloperidolQ3 enjoy provide an abstract or brief synopsis of the proposed probe (Max 250 words).Haloperidol is an antipsychotic do drugs which exhibits high affinity towards dopamine D2 receptor antagonism. It also shows a slow receptor disassociation kinetics which is similar to phenothiazines. The drug is used in the treatment of schizophrenia were polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor genes showed the presence of psychotic phenomena or rough behavior. Down syndrome (DS) increases the risk of Alzheimers disease (AD) by 15% for the people who live 40 years are long. Problems related to behavior are not a world-wide issue as in other syndromes associated with intellectual disability. 30% of children with DS have a mental illness. Anxiety and depression in early maturity date may develop for the people with DS. Studies indicate that polymorphisms in dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) and dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) genes in late-onset AD exhibit symptoms of psychotic phenomena or aggressive behavior in people. Haloperidol suppresses the ionic imbalance by blocking the beta-amyloid-induced elevation of atomic number 20 in Alzheimer cellular teleph peerlesss which showed a significant decrease in calcium cells. Studies also indicate that the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in DS also showed the effects of executive function in children with DS about the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene linked to ADHD in people with DS. Hence, it is hypothesized that haloperidol can be used in the treatment of Down syndrome. bear witness your Word Count (Max 250 words).215Q4 Please outline what question(s) the study is designed to answer/ primary(a) measure of outcome (Max 150 words).The primary outcome of the study is to reduce the slide by of unhurrieds into psychosis due to mass syndrome (DS). Reduction of relapse in DS due to psychotic breakdown which occurs similarly as in schizophrenia which indicates the activity of haloperidol in the measure of diseases prognosis. During the study, details for questions such as the how the effect of haloperidol action on dopamine receptors reduce disease prognosis of DS, What is the mechanism of action of haloperidol in the treatment of DS?, Does haloperidol prevents the prognosis of DS by intervening the mechanism involved in Alzheimers disease (AD) or Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?, Etc.Indicate your Word Count (Max 150 words).105Q5 Indicate clearly how you will perform the study (include methods, materials, number of patients, demographics, statistics and all other matter that you consider important) (Max 1500 words).Haloperidol is an ethically approved drug which is already on the market and used for the treatment of schi zophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette syndrome, bipolar disorder, etc. Since haloperidol is ethically approved have administration of the drug to the patients who have down syndrome (DS) can be performed, and observation study can be conducted. Human materials such as primary cell culture and organotrophic culture from a patient are required for the detailed understanding of the mechanism of action involved in the treatment of DS using Haloperidol. The mechanism of action should be compared with the Alzheimers disease (AD) and Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to analyze the effect on DS. Researchers have estimated that out of 1200 people one will suffer from DS in the United States this includes children, teens, and adults. Children with DS usually do not have mental retardation and a psychiatric disorder. 18% to 38% of children with DS before long have a possibility for the prevalence of the neurobehavioral and psychiatric disorder. During one of the research studie s conducted regarding DS, determined that a pre-pubertal onset be found for children with DS presenting in the post-pubertal finis which is the unique vulnerability period for specific psychiatric disorders.The Study Design is performed by randomized allocation where a parallel interventional model of drug fitting is proposed. The subject, investigator and outcome assessor are masked from the drug and placebo treatment using a double-blind method to achieve high efficiency and less interference. The primary purpose remained to be the treatment of the disease. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the participants for involving the study was neglected of age (18 to 64 years) and sex (Male, Female, and others) as a criterion. In the inclusion criteria, the patient should be primarily diagnosed with DS and should be hospitalized with Standard Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaicism DS. The patient should have been diagnosed with the illness for at least one year and should have g one psychological evaluations. At the most, the patient should be able to drop off of any antipsychotic medication for a period.There are two phases in the study of Haloperidol on DS. The DS outpatients who meet criteria for inclusion and exclusion is allowed to enter the Phase 1. A flexible dose of Haloperidol 1-5mg is given to the patients for 20 weeks of blossom acute treatment phase 1. An oral dose of 1 mg of Haloperidol is given daily, where the dose is titrated until the optimal dose is reached with an increase of 1 mg per titration. The optimal dose is fixed based on the optimal trade-off between side effects and efficacy. Phase 1 looks for patients who meet the criteria for clinical resolution and another exit the protocol and are treated with alternative medications openly. The patients who responded well in phase 1 are taken into Phase 2, where the random fitting of placebo-controlled continuation trial takes place for 24 weeks. Based on the severity and presence of psy chosis the randomization is stratified where half of the patients takes haloperidol, and other patients receive a placebo. The Patients who relapse with psychosis during Phase B will exit the protocol and receive extensive treatment.To attain the statistical significance and to achieve a normal distribution the important value is set as 0.1 and small minimum sample size of 99 participants is required to pilot this study. Repeated measures ANOVA is to be conducted at terzetto major time-points in the week 10, week 20 and baseline. This analytic strategy is to be used to measures the efficacy as well as side effects, globular cognition, and activities of daily living.Indicate your Word Count (Max 1500 words).603Q6 Indicate clearly the need to work with human materials for this research in terms of ethical approvals (Max 200 words).Haloperidol is an ethically approved drug which is already on the market and used for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette syndrome, bipolar disorder, etc. Researchers have estimated that out of 1200 people one will suffer from Down syndrome in the United States this includes children, teens, and adults. Hence, the need of drug for the treatment of down syndrome (DS) is raising. Since haloperidol is ethically approved direct administration of the drug to the patients who have DS can be performed, and observation study can be conducted. The study requires less attention of rules and guidelines for ethical issues. Since there is no square-toed animal model for DS and obtaining, culturing, and preservation of primary cell culture and organotrophic culture from patients with DS is tough. Hence the need for human clinical trials is necessary for test the drug haloperidol for the treatment of DS.Indicate your Word Count (Max 200 words).147

Causes of Low Birth Rates

Causes of Low possess RatesChildless or Childfree?Actress Katherine Hepburn said, If motherhood doesnt interest you then(prenominal) wear upont do it She didnt, along with opera singer Maria Callas, Queen Elizabeth I, and Oscar winning actress Helen Mirren , lately portraying Queen Elizabeth II.Melissa Dear, of the Family Planning Association, was recently quoted as saying that the falling birth rate was social occasionly a reflection of the failure to provide women with adequate support. That may be so, alone perhaps it is simpler than that. Perhaps more women emergency to encounter fun rather than have a baby. Not that babies cant be fun some of the time, but really, what would you choose worrying about ear infections, and wondering how to replace the front tyres on the car when you need to buy a miniature pair of winter boots which cost more than the ones you saw in your own size at Clarkes or wondering about what to wear to your dinner party and where to go on holiday thi s year?In the past women reaching their thirties with no sign of a child would automatically be at the receiving end of thick streams of sympathy for their plight. After all, dont all women have a deep maternal drive, this instinct, this burning desire to procreate? To experience for the best part of a year, haemorrhoids, backache and the raging hormones of pregnancy followed by the undeniably painful effort required to pass an infant the size of a melon through an first step better suited to something four inches in diameter. Then at that places the post pregnancy weight gain, possible occasional urine incontinence that fashion avoiding sneezing or coughing in public, and in private, your love life goes down the pan.Population forecasts suggest that of those women who are of childbearing suppurate now, one in five may never have children. Some proportion of that will be due to infertility, but there will also be those women who clear the choice not to have children. Some peopl e might think this is an abnormal decision based on an immature worldview. There will palliate be the knowing nods and, Youll change your mind later You are not truly a woman until you have given birth to a child.Dr C Hakim, senior research fellow at the LSE said that researchers had been unable to account for the growing number of childfree women, finding no parallel with infertility statistics. Her research showed that there are rising numbers of women choosing not to have children. The unfruitful woman is not necessarily bewailing her fate.Dr Hakim points out that around 10% of women reach the age of 45 with no children. She says The whole idea of the childfree lifestyle is inauguration to be recognised by the media. Private feelings are being legitimised and people are beginning to feel that they are not being deviant in some way.That deviant behaviour was addressed in a Radio 4 large females Hour Phone-In, with women discussing problems in the workplace as childfree employ ees. You might think that its the mothers that have all the problems, considering they are the ones who have to work flexi hours, coming in late after the school run and having to rush off at the end of the school day. They are tied to school holidays, and are at the pardon of childminders in term time. However, the childfree women phoning in were generally quite resentful of the fact that they could not take advantage of later mornings as they had to cover the time the mums were not there.Victoria, a nurse, said, I have covered for maternity leave, Christmas and all the other times that working mothers assumed was their right to be at home. I dont get any tax relief or benefits for not having children, and I would like a little recognition now and then.20% of the adult female population in Britain are childfree, and Sarah from Leatherhead felt that she was treated as a less useful citizen, despite holding down a demanding transmission line because she had no children. She said sh e was made to feel inferior and less important than the women with children, despite the fact that she often worked longer hours and seldom took time off.Why would childfree women would want to go on holiday in the summer with all those child-filled families? Surely the whole point is not to be around children? Apparently not. Childfree women do not necessarily dislike children it is simply parenthood they are rejecting, and being a parent certainly is linked with disrupted lives and financial insecurity.Those women who do decide to have children are having them later. In 2005 the average age at which women had their first child was 27.3 years, with the highest rate of fertility being in their early 30s. Despite the rise in teenage pregnancies which alters the average, bringing it down, this is still a rise of almost 4 years since the 1970s. Clearly women are choosing to stay childfree for longer, concentrating on careers or travel, or alone organising their lives before giving up their independence.Even then, its not all plain sailing Julia Roberts, 39, actress and mother of 2-year-old twins reportedly said I didnt realise that I would get no sleep at all. I am so sleep deprived I cant so far stand, I have to sit down all the time.Could it be that some women who have children are ever so slightly jealous of their carefree childfree sisters?BibliographyDear, Melissa. (2002) Birth rate at all time lowhttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2570503.stm accessed 19 April 2007Hakim, Dr C (2004) Family-friendly policies are unlikely to influence the voluntary childlesshttp//www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice/newsAndEvents/archives/2004/Family_FriendlyPR.htm accessed 19 April 2007Hepburn, Katherine.http//cheerfullychildless.com/CheeryQuotations.htm accessed 19 April 2007Murphy, J (Unknown) re Julia Roberts Childcare tips from celebrity mumshttp//www.gomamatoday.com/modernmama/parenting/celebchildcaretips/?MemID=11accessed 19 April 2007National Statistics , (2006)http//www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/PopTrends126.pdfaccessed 19 April 2007Swann, C (2001) Famous people without childrenhttp//www.suite101.com/article.cfm/childfree_by_choice/58081accessed 19 April 2007Womans Hour (2005) Childfree Womenhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/2005_13_wed_01.shtmlaccessed 19 April 2007

Child prostitution in foreign countries

baby bird harlotry in un want countriesProstitution refers to the solve or radiation pattern of offering familiar services to an otherwise person in return for payment or other favors. Prostitution is smuggled in near countries of the creation nevertheless is unbosom legal in just about countries. Different countries treat whoredom and prostitutes differently and the legality of whoredom activities varies from democracy to country. In some countries, the governments foreclose prostitution and punish all quite a little caught involved in these activities. In other countries, the governments argon committed to abolish prostitution. some(prenominal) allow prostitution but regulate its activities while in some other countries, there is de brutalization of prostitution and people carry out prostitution activities just like each other job. In two(prenominal) of these cases, prostitution is a detestation and is associated with other crimes. Like any other form of pros titution, infant prostitution is common in the world and children mostly enter into this craft beca single-valued function they ar forced by circumstances or people especially their parents or guardians. fry Sex tourism is as well as common. In this type of tourism, tourists direct minors of the country they visit in depend onual activity. People also traffic children across inter topic borders for purposes of arouseual exploitation. Both Child trafficking and sex tourism contribute to child prostitution in remote countries. About 900, 000 children are trafficked across international borders each course of study and people hold them in bawdyho applys or in other injects for sexual exploitation. The line of work of sex servitude affects both male and female children. People prefer to perpetrate child prostitution in remote countries for various reasons. Child prostitution is a world problem that requires both national and international attention.Many actors bullock to child prostitution in many countries of the world. These include misery, poverty, unemployment of either the child or the parent, human trafficking, dysfunctional family environment, put-on, poor education, AIDS scare, drug abuse and addiction, incest, rape, archaeozoic exposure of children to sexual activities, and internet. some(prenominal) governments also use child prostitution through sex tourism to promote tourism thus gain contrasted exchange. They do this either directly or indirectly. These governments are those that are struggling economically. They usually assume acts of child prostitution and thus allow this evil act to attract more tourists and boost their tourism industry. Internet and child pornography serves as a major marketing tool that promotes child prostitution. People interest on websites the experiences about child sex in different places and the costs involved. They also share child pornography through such websites thus advance not exclusively chil d sex tourism but also child trafficking for sexual purposes.Poverty ranks high as a major factor that forces children to be prostitutes. This is common in poor countries affected by poor economies and wavering politics. In this situation, voluntarily sticks prostitutes or their parents force them into prostitution to provide pecuniary needs of the family. This is common in most developing countries. Lack of viable sources to support the rising needs of people in these countries makes the children vulnerable to such exploitation. The families in poverty-stricken areas also become easy targets for procurement agents who are seeking for children to sell them into sexual slavery in brothels or various homes in the world. Child labor in poverty-stricken areas also exposes the children to prostitution. When parents or other agents send children to streets to hawk items, they expose their children, especially female children, to sexual harassment and rape.Human trafficking and deception are other factors that cause child prostitution especially in foreign countries. Human trafficking is a criminal activity in which some people purport to send teenagers to foreign countries to work but end up becoming prostitutes in their new destinations. Some brothel owners or procurement agents sometimes deceive parents by paying them m hotshoty and promising them that their children will work in domestic chores but these children end up in prostitution. The brothel owners understand the childs activities and do everything they can to maintain those who help them earn a lot of money. Sometimes hard times hit and these children are deported back to their countries where they continue with their prostitution activities.Dysfunctional family environments also play an important role in forcing children into prostitution. Such children do not get sufficient parental care and wander sound-nigh looking for places to find solace. Such children end up in night discos and in other places , which expose them to early involvement in sexual activities. In the end, these children end up trading on their own bodies in order to support themselves. Incest and rape generally changes the childrens outlook in life and make some children to flag room for prostitution. Some children become rebellious and defiant of the instructions given by their parents and feel independent. They demand for freedom to do what they want with their bodies. This leads most of them into prostitution. Drug abuse by these children also aggravates the problem by subjecting the children to prostitution and making them compromise situations they cannot when they are in their sound mind. Some children also engage in prostitution due to pleasure and continue in it because of the pleasure they derive from these acts.Criminals organize the sex industry in the world and use children in prostitution for their own gain. The demand of young girls and boys in some countries also contributes to the growth of th is problem as more children face trafficking to work in foreign countries as sex slaves. The increasing demand of foreign sex in many people aggravates this problem. Some customers also fear sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS and thus engage children in prostitution believing that they are of low risk. Poor law enforcement in other countries also aggravates this problem.Child prostitution is common in virtually all countries of the world. Pimps, brothels and other criminal networks collaborate to traffic about 900, 000 children across borders for sexual exploitation and servitude every year. This is not only the problem of poor countries but it is common even in rich and developed countries. Sex tourism also combines with child trafficking to make this lucrative business of child prostitution to flourish. People usually employ networks of small groups to carry out activities like recruitment, transportation, advertising and retail of trafficked children for the purposes of sex exploitation in foreign countries. These groups often achieve major success because they require little capital to start up and prosecution by the countries involved is relatively rare. The major sources and destinations of sex tourism and child trafficking for sexual exploitation in foreign countries include Thailand, Japan, Israel, China, Belgium, Germany, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Nigeria, Italy, Brazil and Ukraine among others. Of these countries, Thailand and Brazil are the leading in perpetuating the business of child prostitution. however though prostitution and child sex exploitation is illegal in Brazil, from 200, 000 to 2 million children aged between eight and sixteen years are forced into prostitution in this country (Charles, 2010).The children involved in prostitution face many challenges and there are many effects associated with this child prostitution. Mostly, the pimps and brothel operators direct the activities of these children and they do not give them freedom of choice. This makes the children to work against their wishes. They also rarely give these children rest from their work. The pimps also give the children little food and this match with the high amount of work they do makes these children weak and sometimes may lead to death of the children. Child prostitution is also economically unsound and causes the child moral and physiological harm as well as mental trauma.Those who use children in prostitution activities usually do not well telephone their health beds. The children also risk attack from many sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS, syphilis, meningitis, anemia, tuberculosis, and others. This further weakens the health of these children and some lead to their death. Because child prostitution is an illegal business, some brothel owners or pimps fear taking the children to hospitals for treatment or regular checkups. In case they suspect a disease in any of the children, these brothel owners employ quark doctors who someti mes prescribe wrong medication for these children. As a result, the children prevail with a load of diseases and other health disorders, which give them problems throughout their lives. Such children especially girls are forced to enter into early child bearing and sometimes, family responsibilities. This makes those schooling to drop out of school and thus become less equipped for the labor market (Ringold, 2000). The girls used in child prostitution are forces to carry out frequent abortions. Unqualified doctors who also use poor methods and equipment in wrong environments often carry out these abortions. This further endangers the life of the child and deteriorates the childs health.Child prostitution also causes a lot of psychological and emotional stress to the children involved in these practices. Children in this case lose their self-esteem and give up in life. Some of the children get permanent physical damage, which they unwillingly live with. Such children do not have any confidence to engage in any other work except crime related jobs. Child prostitution is also associated with other crimes like drug trafficking and abortions. The more they get involved in other crimes, the more their morals deteriorate. They live in constant fear of raids by people and the police.Thailand has the worst record of child prostitution in the world. Even though prostitution is illegal in this country, it still takes place publicly or privately and sometimes the government regulates it. Large international criminal syndicates traffic children from other countries to Thailand and/or sends some children to other countries to work as prostitutes. Sex tourism in Thailand also contributes substantially to the problem of child prostitution. People coerce children from the age of 10 years into prostitution or some parents sell their own children into sex slavery knowingly or unknowingly. (Sorajjakool, 2003 Pusurinkham, n.d.). Poverty plays a major role in engaging minors into prostitution in Thailand. The children used in prostitution in this country come from Burma, Cambodia, Laos, China, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Thailand also traffics children to Japan, Malaysia, Australia, Europe, Canada, South Africa, Singapore and Bahrain for sexual exploitation. The children are kept in brothels, which are sometimes surrounded by electric fence thus making it hard for the children to escape. Pimps give the girls harsh treatment and brutally beat those who are not cooperative sometimes to death.Ending child prostitution in Thailand has been a challenge because of lack of commitment from most of the stakeholders and the Thai government. Currently, having sex with girls on a lower floor fifteen years of age is illegal under Thai law. However, child prostitution still exists in Thailand due to corruption of the government and political leaders. This issue makes the government and political systems to overlook or minimize the problem of child prostitution. The offenders often bribe police officers and politicians to protect them against prosecution. Even though this is the case, the government is try to do away with child prostitution. It is doing this in association with nongovernmental institutions and other international organizations. The concern is to end sex tourism in Thailand and prevent child trafficking both into and out of the country for purposes of sexual exploitation and servitude.Brazil, China, Nigeria and Zimbabwe also have notable cases of child prostitution in foreign countries. These are destinations for child trafficking as well as sources of children trafficked to other countries for sexual exploitation. Sex tourists also find these destinations appropriate for their activities.Child prostitution in most countries of the world is illegal but still there are many instances of child sex molestation. Most governments are committed to end this problem of child prostitution both in their countries and in foreign countries. There a re also many of non-governmental organizations and international organizations involved in reducing the practices of child prostitution in the world. These organizations include End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the World Tourism Organization, and the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) among many other international, regional and national organizations.ECPAT is an international organization based in Thailand. This organization was founded in 1991 with the goal of eradicating child prostitution in the world. The organizations plan is to persuade governments to enact laws to protect children against both local and international prostitution. After the governments have enacted these laws, ECPAT then ensures that these governments enforce these laws. The organization also persuades parents through their local leaders not to sell their children into prostitution (Hancock, n.d). It also discourages sex tourism and convinces go vernments to accept extra-territorial laws that allow prosecution of foreign citizens who sexually abuse minors in the country where they commit the offence. This means that sex tourists who use children in any foreign country will face judgment in the country where they commit the crime while they are on their tour. Some other human rights organizations gives information to parents in poor, rural areas about the tribulations and molestations the children go through in the places they sell them. They do this by use of photos, videos, and/or radios. This is what takes place in Thailand.UNICEF is a United Nations organization concerned with the welfare of children. The organization works in many countries to help vulnerable children grow to early adulthood without many avoidable problems. The organization sometimes works with other NGOs in some countries to help it achieve its goals. UNICEF through its conventions sets principles and guidelines for countries to follow in combating ch ild prostitution. The organization then asks and helps countries to commit to their action plans in protecting children. They do this regionally or in individual countries. For example, UNICEFs second World Congress against Commercial victimization of Children set out guidelines and some countries made commitments to develop national plans of action against commercial sexual exploitation of children. A number of countries in the Eastern and interchange African region made commitments to this strategy. These countries include Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Madagascar, Mozambique, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Lesotho, Mauritius and Angola (UNICEF, 2001). Many of these countries face the problem of child prostitution both in the local countries and in foreign countries.Taking an example of Kenya, this country committed itself to the development of a national plan of action on commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). Through this commitment, the c ountry has formulated policies, programs and activities to help it to achieve the goal (UNICEF, 2001). This has made the country to engage NGOs in the fight against child molestation and sexual exploitation. The NGOs have involved children in the production of drama on child sexual abuse to raise awareness about this issue. The country has also formed the children department in one of its ministries to protect children. The new constitution of that country has comprehensively covered and clearly outlined the rights of children. The countrys government with the help of children rights groups has established strong regional co-operation with other countries. This is lot in checking child prostitution in foreign countries in this region and the world at large.In conclusion, child prostitution is a common problem in many countries of the world. In this practice, the children engage in sexual activity for monetary gain especially by the adults who either are their parents or their caret akers. Some children enter into prostitution due to the hard situations they face while others ere sold into sexual servitude by their parents either consciously or unconsciously. Child prostitution in foreign countries is also a common practice. People do this through sex tourism and child trafficking. Most people practice child prostitution in foreign countries either because they want to avoid the laws of their countries by breaking law in foreign countries or because they misunderstand the people of the countries that they visit. Child prostitution is a multi billion business in the world that leads to wastage of many childrens lives. In some countries, cultural practices contribute to the involvement of children in prostitution. Large and small criminal groups arrange for Trans boundary transfer of children and clients involved in child prostitution. Even though many human rights groups are against this immoral behavior, some governments have not fully committed themselves to e radicating this problem from their countries. Still there is much demand of foreign children for sex in some countries making the business of child trafficking and sex tourism to flourish. In whichever the case, children prostitution is a criminal offence and all people and especially governments need to fight to eradicate this problem from the society.

A Critical Essay on Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher (1

The twenty first century designer Alexandra Iftodi Zamfir (1986- ) argues that architecture and settings ar more important in chivalric fiction than in any other type of literature. (Zamfir. 2011 15). The nature of architectural space performs a significant affair within the narrative structure of Gothic fiction as it creates and builds layers of imagery that signify the horrific and gloomy a construction full of atmosphere and suspense. It was the Gothic writer Horace Walpole (1717-1797) who first illustrated in his Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto (1764) an example symbolic to the nature and power of architectural space explored through the nature from his stimulate house in Strawberry Hill which was the most complete neo-Gothic structure of the time. His mansion, as the author admits, stands at the base ofarchitectural designshapes, decors, landscapes, were all nether one form or another, elements of Gothic construction. (Zamfir. 2011 18). This critical essay will ex plore and analyse the nature of Gothic architecture deployed as a fomite of Gothic construction within the narrative structure of the American author Edgar Allan Poes (1809-1849) macabre and fictional prose The Fall of the House of Usher (1839). (Poe. 1987 1). I shall gift and argue how the artistic effects deployed in the narrative structure create an atmosphere of tension and suspense, through the exploration and investigation of Gothic architecture, demonstrating a most reading and analysis from key passages of the text applying psychoanalytical examples from the nineteenth century theorist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). (Chiriac 1998-2011). The Fall of the House of Usher was written by the American author and poet Edgar Allan Poe, it first feat... ...gn_of_Space_in_Gothic_Architecture. Accessed 11th May 2012Giordano, R. (2005-2011) Poestories.com An Exploration of Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe. On-line Available from http//www.poestories.com/. Accessed 24th folk 2011G unn, A.G. (1997-2002) Cyclopaedia of Ghost Story Writers. On-line Available from http//www.jb.man.ac.uk/agg/ghosts/poeea. Accessed 24th September 2011Hallqvist, C. (2001) The Poe Decoder. On-line Available from http//www.poedecoder.com/. Accessed 24th September 2011Montagna, J.A. (2006) The Industrial Revolution. On-line Available from http//www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html. Accessed 11th May 2012Pridmore, J. (1998-2011) Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). On-line Available from http//www.literaryhistory.com/19thC/Poe.htm. Accessed 24th September 2011

Concentration of Salt Solution :: Papers

Concentration of Salt Solution (dm) 1st set of results (g) 2nd set of results (g) third set of results (g) Average of the 3 sets of results (g) 0 2.11 1.79 1.05 1.65 0.2 2.30 1.87 1.09 1.75 0.4 2.32 2.03 1.12 1.82 0.6 2.40 2.01 1.12 1.84 0.8 2.43 2.10 1.08 1.87 1.0 2.38 2.01 1.09 1.83 1.2 2.33 2.12 1.09 1.85 1.4 2.27 2.02 1.08 1.78 1.6 2.27 2.01 1.08 1.79 1.8 2.27 2.11 1.17 1.85 2.0 2.24 2.01 0.96 1.74 Results This is a table to show the mass of the potatoes at the start of the experiment. Each weight was carried out three times. The conterminous table shows the weights of the potatoes after the experiment Concentration of salt solution (Dm) 1st set of results (g) 2nd set of results (g) 3rd set of results (g) Average of the 3 sets of results (g) 0 2.11 1.79 1.05 1.65 0.2 2.30 1.87 1.09 1.75 0.4 2.32 2.03 1.12 1.82 0.6 2.40 2.01 1.12 1.84 0.8 2.43 2.10 1.08 1.87 1.0 2.38 2.01 1.09 1.83 1.2 2.33 2.12 1.09 1.85 1.4