Pacquiao Phenomenon in Philippines Research Paper

Pacquiao Phenomenon in Philippines - Research Paper Example The military even once announced a ceasefire against a rebel group just so they could watch a fight of his. Also, it has already been a running joke among the locals that no crime is committed during the day of his fight since all the crooks and thieves would be watching as well. This is quite true in a way because during every match of his, the crime rate for that day drops enormously. Furthermore, he is very much loved and revered in the Philippines, to the point that a movie was even made about his life. On the day of each fight, people who would not have the opportunity to watch him live would either flock into the cinemas, restaurants, and bars just to catch a glimpse of his boxing prowess. Even public gyms and halls in all towns and cities are turned to theatre cinemas, the government obviously making sure that everyone would not miss such a monumental event. While the fight is ongoing, the streets would closely resemble a ghost town since everyone is basically glued to a compu ter, television, theatre, or white screen, watching and scrutinizing every move that he makes inside the ring. In the country, every punch that he connects against the opponent is greeted with wild shrieks and shouts of approval from his countrymen. And when the fight is won, the country would be in a very festive mood, talking about the match, even weeks after it has happened. Every time he arrives home to his beloved Philippines after a fight, he is greeted with a heroes welcome. Even the President has to have a photo-op with him. He would parade around towns and cities, and his presence would be greeted with resounding approval from each and every citizen. Back at his hometown, people would flock outside his mansion, waiting for â€Å"balato† or money from his earnings. Being a kind hearted and generous person, he would gladly give to his fellow countrymen (Torre, â€Å"Political Punch†). Every person definitely wants to have a piece of him. This proud Filipino and future boxing hall of famer has graced numerous magazine covers, advertised foreign and local products, gained accolades for his remarkable boxing talent, and is currently holding the position of congressman in the Philippine legislature. This contemporary phenomenon is no other than Manny â€Å"Pacman† Pacquiao. Pacquiao: The Life of a Champion Boxing is not a career that people would normally take in the Philippines because in the country, boxers would normally start poor, gain money and fame, and exit in the same condition as they started. Manny was born in a life that was mired in poverty. His father having abandoned them, his mother had to singlehandedly support the whole family, taking on odd jobs, which barely amounted to enough money to support all the Pacquiao siblings. At an early age, Manny had to take on jobs, selling food and bread on the streets while studying, just to help in the household expenses. At the age of 14, he secretly left General Santos, his hometow n, for Manila, the capital of the Philippines. In Manila, he continued working and eventually started his boxing career (Chua-Eoan and Tharoor, â€Å"The Meaning and Mythos of Manny Pacquiao†). That was way back. He currently holds eight tittles in different divisions. Nowadays, Manny is considered as one of the wealthiest and most influential people in the world, even making it to the

Issues Surrounding Masculinity in United States Essay Example for Free

Issues Surrounding Masculinity in United States Essay Our society today has little tolerance for men and masculinity in general. Masculinity can be defined as having qualities or appearance of male. It includes behaviors typically associated with men. In his book, Ferguson takes us into the world of a sole, municipal elementary school attended by students who have been labeled as troublemakers and potential jail inmates. She identifies how a group of young boys of African American origin aged between 11 to 12 years are identified by their school work force as lovers of jail (14). Over the years black Americans boys have been subjected to a kind of discrimination both in school and outside. There are claims that teachers treat these boys as if they are doomed to fail. Ferguson (26) goes on to criticize the form of punishment given to the boys which according to him does not instill discipline but simply perpetuating troublemakers and creating potential inmates (67). According to equality index carried out by Pascoe (114), black men in America have high chances of being unemployed than white men. The black men are seven times more likely more to be imprisoned with a jail sentence of above ten months over their white counterparts. The report also discloses other disparities ranging from unemployment, school drop out rates and annual income. While there have been some improvements on the gap between the black men and white men in United States of America, black masculinity is still being faced with greater problem. Despite the condemnation given to them, Ferguson argues that Black American boys look seriously at schooling and excelling in life. In addition she identifies how the whole society beliefs in a natural difference of black children from the white children. Most people according to him identify the black men as criminal and it is this view that disproportionately put them in danger of disappointment and punishment. this is a greatly interfere with the black American boys according who in future end up taking the negative behavior as implied by their mentors. Ferguson bases her argument on a fundamental theory of learning, drawn from two sources: Marxist Bowles speculation view of society which gives school the task of reproducing the existing communal pecking order, and Foucault’s post-structural theory of disciplinary authority that views punishment as an instrument of social segregation (82). He contrasts this speculative frame to the commonly held liberal idea that schools are meritocratic (112). But the black American boys are hyper aware of their individuality pattern. According to Fergusson (123), they act upon their masculinity through impressive performances and disruptions in class work and they achieve their self worth for themselves by using hostility behavior strategy to regain their sense of self. Â  To identify themselves as resourceful, authoritative and knowledgeable in the face of the humiliation they encounter in school. By masculinity, Malin (36) seems to mean men who not only reveal the physical qualities of toughness but also who also possesses some noble principle. In his book, Malin claimed that Clinton has been shown as a conflicted and sensitive, yet strong man (42). It is these characters according to Malin (43) that helped him win presidential elections. Clintons personality remained a package of conflicts that variously embraced and overthrown different stereotypes of masculinity hence he was able to remain a strong man. Malin 2005 (78). Sonenstein associates masculinity with culture, and socialization and encourages men to try to live up to cultural standards of masculinity (342). According to Malin, men fraternity face pressures and dilemmas around race- and gender-based individuality structure is always a flagrant force that works against these students maintaining an obligation to schooling. This is why schools across the nation for example in US observe a continual attrition of schoolboys as they link the ranks of troublemakers (67). According to Ferguson (112), molding our boys viewing them as Bad Boys is a powerful challenge to current views on the setback of the black males in school. Currently black males are severely constrained by the society and culture of their high school and of American society in general. This form of treatment world neither favor girl child who is always more vulnerable to several situations. Due to this unhealthy treatment the black American Male end up performing poorly in their education which lead them to drug abuse and criminal activities which in future lead them to be on the wrong side of the law. Ferguson 2000 (P 139) Both black and white men have their roles to play as men in America. Ferguson advocates for need to change the social organization and the culture of the society so as to enhance a suitable learning environment of the African American males in particular and all children in general. Solutions begin from an assurance that slight inputs, short-term interventions and person prescriptions into schools are greatly sufficient to cure an organization that is mainly flawed. The organization should aim for metropolitan black kid who seems to be the formation of a community which will basically obey the rules of civilization. A reform of the whole educational system is what is urgently necessary according to Ferguson (234). Overhauling the whole school system is the only way according to Ferguson (113) for eliminating all kind of institutionalized discrimination. She states that significant changes may take position by altering the curriculum and establishing lesser classes whereby student gets enough attention from their trainers. In addition, antiracist education for student teachers and reciprocated respect among adults and youth will also form a very good base to eliminate society and cultural constrain. Schools that are reorganized in this way would help in bringing new meaning to the Black masculinity (235).

Crime Essay example -- essays research papers

Crime Crime happens all over the world every second of every day. Thus making numerous amounts of victims. Crime victims are all around us even though we may not know it or think about it. According to the crime clock every twenty-five point three seconds a motor vehicle theft occurs. Have you ever thought what it would be like to walk away from you car, even after you have locked it, and to not be able to see it or the things inside it ever again? Motor vehicle theft happens every day in every neighborhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I never realized it prior to this assignment but I live with victims of crimes right in my own townhouse on school property. My housemate Anne was generous enough to tell me her story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Anne recalls it her story begins last semester when she borrowed her sisters car to get back to school. She remembers parking the car in the top commuter parking lot. Anne distinctly remembers locking the doors and heading down to her townhouse for the night. When Anne went to use the car Saturday morning it was gone. There was no car in sight. The first thing Anne did was go straight to public safety. They could not help Anne so she called the Reading Police Department immediately. The officers came about two hours later and made a report, leaving Anne with nothing to do but pray they find the car and the person who stole it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne recalls the worst thing about the situation was having to call her sister and tell her the story. Anne’s sister Mandy truly understood and simply made a call to the insurance company to see if reimbursements were possible. Nothing else was heard about the car or the perpetrator until the Wednesday after the incident, almost a week later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mandy received a call informing her the CUMRU township police had found her car Friday night, immediately after the incident, crashed on the side of the road. Mandy of course inquired as to why she had not been contacted for so many days only to find out that the Reading Police Department had not put the theft into the computer system leaving all other departments unknowledgeable about the incident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall, the victim here was truly victimized. Not only did Mandy have to pay for the impound fees from Friday to Wednesday because no one had known the car was found on Friday but she also had to cover all towing fees. The impound fees alone were over $300. Mandy ... ... any sort of compensation from the government that could be awarded to motor vehicle theft victims that are not covered under insurance. If not, possibly we should be looking into it. Obviously since no offender was located restitution is not an option. There should be some other way of helping out the victims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are so many ways to look at every crime. You can always think of a different point as to who was responsible for the crime or whether or not everyone did what he or she had to do to solve the mystery of the crime to the best of their ability. A lot of emotions are involved in any crime no matter how small. Whether or not anyone involved in any crime will ever be completely satisfied by the results or whether or not we ever decide in society as a whole who we are going to blame for crimes is uncertain. You can be certain that everyone just wishes it never happened to him or her. Its obvious that humanity as a whole would be much better off without crime however this is also obviously unrealistic!! â€Å"Every society gets the kind of criminal it deserves. What is also true is that every community gets the kind of law enforcement it insists on.† John F Kennedy

Islamic Civilazation

Islamic civilization (Midterm) Before 610 (AD or CE): pre Islamic Period Landscape Desert: Arid landscape What made life possible: Camels (endurance and several images in the Qur’an), horses Nomadic way of life: from the highland and to lowland (movement): looking for water and pastures the camel made life in the arabian peninsula possible: he made the mvt & trade possible Transhumance: mvt from high to lowl depending on the season fetching for water & grazing. this mvt was made possible thanks to humans & animals pockets of sedentary life in 2 main cities:YATHRIB: Oasis: water makes life possible: many palm trees MECCA: it is where the Ka'ba is located (hajj) + trade because when people come to worship their gods, they bring goods to exchange†¦ (religion + trade) Customary laws: â€Å"3orf† transmitted orally from generation to generation: each tribe respect each tribe’s land Social organization Smallest unit in Arab society: Nuclear family (parents + child ren + concubines) lives in BAYT Polygamy is lawful from a religious point of view (4 wives) Before 610, women had so status & were considered as property that you own.Female infanticide (bury the female babies because the families want male heirs) Patriarchy: male dominate the state (society) Extended family: several tents close to each other: â€Å"Dar† Several extended families: Clan (Hashim: clan of the prophet) Several Clans: tribe (Quraysh: tribe of the prophet) Several tribes: confederacies: union (Qahtan & Adnan) â€Å"Asabiyya†: group solidarity: defend the members of your group against violence or aggression. Retaliation: â€Å"eye for an eye† the system of justice that was based on the concept of ‘asabiyya. Belief system – Monotheists: Jews, Christianity and Islam Polytheism: believe in many gods – Paganism: believe in animate (cow) and inanimate (rock) – Atheism: believe in any God – Idolatry: Form of polytheism: beli eve in idols (statues) Life in Makkah – HUB: meeting place – KA’BA: market place and shrine (360 idols) – Habitants: oral society – Mu’allaqat: put famous poems on the KA’BA (platform for poets to come & talk about their tribes: self-promotion) – Bibliography of the prophet: â€Å"Sira†. He was orphan: impact on his life in Sira -Life of the prophet – 570: the year of the elephant and birth of the prophet in the tribe of Quraysh.During that year, Abraha, the king of Yemen marched on Mecca with his large army and elephants in order to destroy the Ka'ba but his elephant(s) stopped at the boundary of Mecca and refused to enter. – His parents: Amina and Abdullah: his father died before he was born and his mother when he was 6 -Orphan: starting at disadvantage, he was from the Quraysh tribe raised by his grand parents (Abd al Mutalib and Fatima) – He was sent to the desert: healthy physical and psychologi cal conditions to raise children – Hamza: his uncle played a mentor role He was being prepared for something big, kind of divine protection even before receiving the message – He was know for his honesty, generosity and anti-corruption – Nickname: Al Amine, the trustworthy in Mecca – His inheritance: a slave â€Å"Baraka†, who was a little older than him – His spent most of his time in the cave of Hira thinking and wondering about the meaning of life – He was against polytheism – He is the seal of the prophets (last one) – 2 major stories: The night journey (621): Muhammad’s travel: The Isra and Mi'raj: Muhammad travels on the steed Buraq to â€Å"the farthest mosque† where he leads other prophets in prayer.He then ascends to heaven where he speaks to God, who gives Muhammad instructions to take back to the faithful regarding the details of prayer. The story of the black stone: before Islam, the Ka’b a was restored many times and Muhammad had the honor to put the stone inside the Ka’ba. all clans wanted to have the honor to put the stone in the Ka'ba and they were ready to fight for the privilege but then, Muhammad advised them to put the stone in a cloth and have a member of each clan pick up a corner of the cloth and take it to its place when Muhammad took it and placed it. He married Khadija in 595, first wife and only wife until her death. She was successful and from the clan Assad. She was a business woman and impressed by his integrity – He spent most of his life as a shepherd – He lost his wife and uncle: 3am al Houzn or the year of grief – House of the prophet: wife + 4 daughters (Fatima, Zaynab, Ruqaya, Umkaltoum) + cousin (Ali) / he also had 2 sons who died in infancy – Abu Talib (uncle): never converted to Islam but still protected his nephew (the prophet) General dates 10 – 632: Revelation of the Quran. Muhammad receives call to prophethood through first revelation of the Qur'an, continues to receive prophecies for 22 years. Khadija is the first to believe in Muhammad's prophethood, becoming first convert to Islam. 611 – 613: the message was kept secret 614: First Hijra of 83 families (early muslim community) to Aksum (Abyssinia) because the king Negus Armah was tolerant and just. He welcomed the muslims and protected them (the prophet wasn't part of the journey).Purpose: survival of islam. Reaction of Meccan society to call to prophethood: the polytheists were very resistant because islam means no more poly + all idols have to be destroyed = people would stop coming to Mecca = no trade Abolishm't of usury (RIBA: loan by excessive interest) while they are benefiting from it Some Meccan clans didn't want the Hashim clan to gain power and rise Islam was revolutionary for another category of people since the religion promotes equality: : poor, women, slaves, orphans†¦ 19: deaths of Muhammad's w ife (Khadija) and uncle (Abu Talib), leaving Muhammad without a protector; he tries to leave Mecca 622: Second Hijra of early muslims to Medina. The city welcomed him because of his good reputation: trustworthy arbitrator, wise, charismatic†¦ (between 614 & 622, the msg was growing & the power of the prophet as well. The other clans of mecca decided to boycott the Hashim clan: no trade, marriages†¦); 1st year of islamic calendar. 632: Death of the prophet The clans of medina: Aws + Khazraj = the helpers/Ansar ; the migrants ; jewish clansProphet at war A chapter came in the Qur'an giving permission to Muslims to fight back because they were oppressed only because they believed in Allah. Jihad: â€Å"strive, effort, struggle† to follow Islam; can include defense of the faith, armed struggle, holy war.  °The lesser Jihad: outer: defend yourself against aggression  °The greater Jihad: inner: the one all muslims are required to perform on a daily basis (how to becom e a better muslim and person) AND °Jihad as ind duty: prayer  °Collective duty: prayer for the dead 624: BadrAttack on Meccan people (caravans). muslims were outnumbered but victorious 625: Uhud It was almost a defeat. Muhammad was almost killed. In fact, the Meccans decided to withdraw believing that he was dead. Death of Hamza (prophet's uncle) 2 Jewish clans of Medina have been expelled because they were communicating secretly with the Meccans 627: Ditch = Khandaq Muslims victorious over meccans and bedouin mercenaries; Muhammed consolidates leadership in medina; Aisha accused of adultery in â€Å"Affair of Necklace†, but exonerated by Qur'anic revelation 28: Truce of faith Hudaybiyya Treaty of Hudaybiyya: Muslims are allowed to come to Mecca to perform pilgrimage (Hajj). The war stopped for 10 years 630: Opening of Mecca – Opening of Makkah. Became Muslim city: all this idols were destroyed. It was opened because someone broke the truce and attacked a muslim. T hey didn't kill the enemies & didn't burn the city. The 5 pillars of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. Prayer 5 times a day 3. Zakat (2. 5% of your assets) 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Hajj Rightly guided Caliphates Abu Bakr: 632 – 634 32: death of the prophet who didn't explicitly name his successor. He gave signals: Abu Bakr he used to lead the prayer when the prophet was sick + was the head of the delegation of the Hajj: when the prophet had health issues + another problem was that the revelation stopped so from that point on, there was human elaboration of shari'a During his period: wars of Apostasy = â€Å"Ridda â€Å" Many people (Bedouins) stopped paying â€Å"Zakat† when the prophet died. He became firm toward these people because he was worried the situation would end up becoming mass defection.The whole establishment of Islam could collapse. One of the figures of the Wars of Apostasy was â€Å"Musaylima†. He was killed during the battle of â€Å"Al-Y amama†: which put an end to the Wars of Apostasy† (633) Proselytizing: illegal for a non-Muslim to influence people to convert to another religion â€Å"Sabiqqa†: He was one of the first men to convert to Islam Known for his piety and generosity Father in law of the prophet He chose the name â€Å"Khalifa† when he became caliph He nominated Umar as the following Caliph on his death bedUmar: 634 – 644 – Commander of the Faithful: â€Å"Amir Al Mu’minin† – Charismatic and known for being impulsive + always available & approachable – Military guide, actively involved in Futuh (openings) – Cities conquered by Islam during the caliphate period of Umar: Damascus (636) and Jerusalem (638) – Dhimma: non-muslims have the right to live in Dar Al Islam in return they need to pay Jizya & they are exempted from Jihad (freedom of worship, freedom of movement, freedom of ownership) In 644, Umar was faithly injured so he appointed the comity to elect the next caliph: ‘Uthman Accomplishment of Umar Muslim troops: Egypt / Iran Initiation of a taxation system and establishment of treasury Creation of a welfare system (assistance social) The recording of the beneficiaries Institution of the judicial system: appointed the 1st judge Adopted the Muslim calendar (622 = First year) Uthman: 644 – 656 He got the idea of gathering the Qur’an Wealthy Meccan person He is from the Umayya clan Know for his piety but lack of charisma.He was old when he became caliph Easily manipulated by the leading members of the clan of Umayya He appointed members of his clan in key positions, which made the Meccan population very angry especially the early converted. It was a turning point: a group of rebels from Egypt came to his house and killed him in 656. Beginning of FITNA = Civil War Official copy of the Qur’an: All Qurans available in the world today are exactly identical to the Uthmani versi on Ali: 656 – 661 Cousin and son in law of the prophet. His sons: Hassan and Husayn Sabiqa: 1st teenager to convert to IslamHe faced 2 opponents 1: There was animosity and bitterness between Aisha and Ali. Aisha went to Basra in Irak and tried to steer the population against Ali. But she failed and her movement was crashed during the battle of the camel. 2: Umayyad movement under the leadership of Mu’awiyya. He was a key figure in Umayya clan. He made Uthman appoint him as the governor of Sirya Mu’awiyya: he wanted to become a caliph. According to him, Ali didn't deserve to become caliph because he failed to arrest and prosecute the killers of Uthman. Mu'awiyya had people joining his cause & supporting him.The 2 armies (Ali and Mu’awiyya) met in Siffin (name of the battle and the place). Both parties decided to ceasefire and tried to negotiate but the problem was that 12000 members of Ali’s army defected and attacked him because they didn’t agree with his decision. They were called the Kharijites (seceders) Arbitration: Tahkim 657-661: false peace between both armies. The battle of Nahrawan: opposed Ali with his men and the Kharijites. They wanted to kill Ali and Mu'awiyya but Mu'awiyya was always protected and Ali didn’t take the appropriate measures and was killed in 661.Muawiya declared himself Caliph and instituted the dynastic caliphate. The death of Ali marked the end of the rightly guided caliphate PERIOD Ali had two sons: Hassan (who renounced everything in exchange of a secured retirement) and Husayn (when Al Yazid took over, he fought him with a small army but was killed in 680 during the Battle of Karbala) Caliphate: Khilafa Mutawakil: Al Mou3tazila: doctrine that he applied in the whole empire – Medina, Kufa and Damascus – Medina: under the rightly guided Caliphate (the 1st 3 and the prophet) – Kufa: Ali Damascus: When Mu'awiyya declared himself caliph Islam is against any sort o f division. Ideally, the muslim community should remain as one block. Muslims: ?Sunni (majority of Muslims: 93%) ?Shi'ite (7%) ?Kharijites (less than 1%) The institutions of the Caliphates I – Rightly guided Caliphates 632 – 661 II – Umayyads 661 – 750 III – Abbasids 750 – 1258 I: The powers of Caliphs: 2 main powers: – expansion of Islam (fighting apostasy / Jihad (Futuh) – Implementation of Shari’a (Islamic law) II & III – Growth of the empire and creation of the organization (6 powers)To guard religion against innovation (Bid’a) in religious matters To participate in formulation of doctrine but not in the formulation of law (judges are in charge of that) To lead the Friday prayer in the greatest mosque of the city (but with growth of empire, beginning of delegation) To lead military campaigns (Futuh) to defend the empire (also delegation to high officers, military leaders†¦) To ensure the normal fun ctioning of the Judiciary system with the nomination of judges To ensure the well-being of the state through tax collection and expenditure of this tax on garden, monuments, helping the poor, etc†¦ Qur’an – Actual word of God – Revelation: Wahy – from 610 to 632: This word of God is revealed to the prophet. – The revelation was depending on circumstances & it was not chronological – God does not speak directly to mortals. There is always some sort of intermediary. – Prophet had scribes (secretaries) and was involved in the classification and the arrangement of the Qur’an – Abrogation: Naskh – word translated and sometimes changed. E. g. the term â€Å"Khamr† is sometimes

Office Star Usefull for Market Research

Background OfficeStar, a regional chain of office supply stores, has decided to launch its own ink cartridge line of products. The goal of the company is to compete with the usual actors in the market by offering a lower-priced product to its core customers, with which it hopes to capture significant market share in that business. The key figures for this market are as follows: .. The market for ink cartridges in the region is approximately 2. 3 million units sold every quarter (to simplify, we assume 2. 3 million customers buy one ink cartridge each). ..The production cost of an ink cartridge is $6. 50; it is sold at a price of $19. 95 in stores, leading to a gross margin of $13. 45. .. OfficeStar has a house list of 500,000 identified potential customers, to whom the company could send samples if that were deemed profitable. .. Sending a sample costs $3 in shipping and handling. Just before launching the product line, OfficeStar hired a market research company to perform simulation s and forecast the future market share of the product. Results were disappointing. The market research company has identified two key issues: ..Prospective customers are unwilling to try this product, and most appear likely to remain loyal to their current provider (usually, the printer manufacturer). .. Even for those customers willing to try the product, market research pretests show a low level of repeat sales. Exercise As the new product manager of the OfficeStar ink cartridge product line, you wanted to identify the opportunities and ways to penetrate stronghold of OEMs. Data from 40 respondents was captured and is available in OfficeStar Data. xls file. Carry out segmentation study and report your findings in the form of 1 page memo.

How to Use the Skills Section on Your Resume

How to Use the Skills Section on Your Resume Personally, I like a tidy resume. I like my job descriptions to pull their weight, my education to speak for itself, and my cover letter to do most of the heavy lifting when it comes to describing the soft skills and experience that make me the best candidate for the job. But Danny Rubin over at SavvyIntern.com may have convinced me that a separate â€Å"Skills† section is worth its weight in resume real estate! First off, Rubin clarifies, personality traits are not skills. Your work ethic, your diligence, your optimism- these are terrific qualities, but they don’t belong in a list alongside technical expertise with Word, Photoshop, or Content Management Systems. Skills are â€Å"tangible, practical, hands-on, real world stuff† you have to learn how to do.The best part is that skills involving certifications or hours of practice show hiring managers that you’ve got a strong work ethic and time management skills!Consider featuring these types of skills:Proj ect management tools you know how to use (ex: Basecamp)Certifications you’ve completedSocial media channels you understand (but it’s not enough to say â€Å"Proficient at LinkedIn† - you need to go deeper like â€Å"Proficient at LinkedIn advertising† and provide info on a niche topic within the platform)Data analysis, fundraising, marketing, sales, or IT tools/softwareLanguages you speakYou can mention â€Å"soft† skills if they’re specific to the position; like if the job requires you to work from home, then you can write â€Å"Experience with virtual teams† or â€Å"Experience working independently† (if you had written â€Å"Focused and motivated†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that’s vague and won’t help you)DO NOT include  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Microsoft Office† - everyone knows how to use those programs by now*(I actually disagree with this last one- there are plenty of people lost in GoogleDocs or Pages who still don’t kno w how to make the most out of Excel, but use your best judgment.)Remember to make your cover letter show what you can do, rather than just describing what you’ve done. Have compelling anecdotes and success stories ready to deploy in your letter or your interview, so they know you’re not just a list of skills, but a reservoir of professional experience they want on their side.Here’s What Your Resume â€Å"Skills† Section Should Tell an EmployerRead More at The Savvy Intern

Physical Properties of Matter

Physical Properties of Matter Physical properties are any properties of matter which can be perceived or observed without changing the chemical identity of the sample. In contrast, chemical properties are those that can only be observed and measured by performing a chemical reaction, thus changing the molecular structure of the sample. Because physical properties include such a wide array of characteristics, they are further classified as either intensive or extensive and either isotropic or anisotropic. Intensive and Extensive Physical Properties Physical properties may be classified as either intensive or extensive. Intensive physical properties do not depend on the samples size or mass.  Examples of intensive properties include boiling point, state of matter, and density. Extensive physical properties depend on the amount of matter in the sample. Examples of extensive properties include size, mass, and volume. Isotropic and Anisotropic Properties Physical properties are isotropic properties if they do not depend on the orientation of the specimen or direction from which it is observed. The properties are anisotropic properties if they do depend on the orientation. While any physical property could be assigned as isotropic or anisotropic, the terms are usually applied to help identify or distinguish materials based on their optical and mechanical properties. For example, one crystal might be isotropic with respect to color and opacity, while another might appear a different color, depending on the viewing axis. In a metal, grains might be distorted or elongated along one axis compared with another. Examples of Physical Properties Any property you can see, smell, touch, hear or otherwise detect and measure without performing a chemical reaction is a physical property. Examples of physical properties include: colorshapevolumedensitytemperatureboiling pointviscositypressuresolubilityelectric charge Image By Marc Gutierrez / Getty Images Physical Properties of Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds The nature of chemical bonds plays a role in some of the physical properties that may be displayed by a material. The ions in ionic compounds are strongly attracted to other ions with opposite charge and repelled by like charges. Atoms in covalent molecules are stable and not strongly attracted or repelled by other parts of the material. As a consequence ionic solids tend to have higher melting points and boiling points, compared with low melting and boiling points of covalent solids. Ionic compounds tend to be electrical conductors when they are melted or dissolved, while covalent compounds tend to be poor conductors in any form. Ionic compounds are usually crystalline solids, while covalent molecules may exist as liquids, gases, or solids. Ionic compounds often dissolve in water and other polar solvents, while covalent compounds are more likely to dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Physical Properties vs. Chemical Properties Chemical properties encompass those characteristics of matter which can only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a sample, which is to say, by examining its behavior in a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability (observed from combustion), reactivity (measured by readiness to participate in a reaction), and toxicity (demonstrated by exposing an organism to a chemical). Chemical and Physical Changes Chemical and physical properties are related to chemical and physical changes. A physical change only alters the shape or appearance of a sample and not its chemical identity. A chemical change is a chemical reaction, which rearranges a sample on a molecular level.

Candy Coffee Filter Chromatography

Candy Coffee Filter Chromatography You can do paper chromatography using a coffee filter to separate the pigments in colored candies, like Skittles or MM candy. This is a safe home experiment, great for all ages. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: about an hour Candy Chromatography Materials Basically, you need colored candies, a coffee filter or other porous paper, and salt water for this project. Skittles or MM candiesCoffee filterTall glassWaterTable saltPencilToothpicksPlate or foilPitcher or empty 2-liter bottleMeasuring cups/spoons Procedure Coffee filters usually are round, but its easier to compare your results if the paper is square. So, your first task is to cut the coffee filter into a square. Measure and cut a 3x3 (8x8 cm) square from a coffee filter.Using a pencil (ink from a pen would run, so pencil is better), draw a line 1/2 (1 cm) from the edge of one side of the paper.Make six pencil dots (or however many colors of candy you have) along this line, about 1/4 (0.5 cm) apart. Underneath each dot, label the color of the candy you will test on that spot. You wont have space to write the whole color name. Try B for blue, G for green, or something equally easy.Space 6 drops of water (or however many colors you are testing) equally distant on a plate or piece of foil. Position one candy of each color on the drops. Give the color about a minute to come off into the water. Pick up the candy and eat it or throw it away.Dip a toothpick into a color and dab the color onto the pencil dot for that color. Use a clean toothpi ck for each color. Try to keep each dot as small as possible. Allow the filter paper to dry, then go back and add more color to each dot, a total of three times, so you have lots of pigment in each sample. When the paper is dry, fold it in half with the color sample dots on the bottom. Ultimately, you are going to stand this paper up in a salt solution (with the liquid level lower than the dots) and capillary action is going to draw the liquid up the paper, through the dots, and toward the upper edge of the paper. The pigments will become separated as the liquid moves.Prepare the salt solution by mixing 1/8 teaspoon of salt and three cups of water (or 1 cm3 of salt and 1 liter of water) in a clean pitcher or 2-liter bottle. Stir or shake the solution until it is dissolved. This will produce a 1% salt solution.Pour the salt solution into a clean tall glass so that the liquid level is 1/4 (0.5 cm). You want the level to be below the sample dots. You can check this by holding the paper up against the outside of the glass. Pour out a little salt solution if the level is too high. Once the level is correct, stand the filter paper inside the glass, with the dot side down and the edge of the paper wetted by the salt solution. Capillary action will draw the salt solution up the paper. As it passes through the dots, it will begin to separate the dyes. You will notice some candy colors contain more than one dye. The dyes separate because some dyes are more likely to stick to the paper, while other dyes have a higher affinity for the salt water. In paper chromatography, the paper is called the stationary phase and the liquid (salt water) is called the mobile phase.When the salt water is 1/4 (0.5 cm) from the top edge of the paper, remove it from the glass and place it on a clean, flat surface to dry.When the coffee filter is dry, compare the results of chromatography for the different candy colors. Which candies contained the same dyes? These are the candies that have corresponding bands of color. Which candies contained multiple dyes? These are the candies that had more than one band of color. Can you match any of the colors with the names of the dyes listed on the ingredients for the candies? Further Experimentation: You can try this experiment with markers, food coloring, and powdered drink mixes. You can compare the same color of different candies, too. Do you think the pigments in green MMs and green Skittles are the same? How can you use paper chromatography to find the answer?What do you expect to happen if you use a different type of paper, such as a paper towel or a different brand of coffee filter? How do you explain the results?

How are databases used in organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How are databases used in organisations - Essay Example Another type of databases is distributed databases. These are databases which are scattered and stored over different systems on a network. Object-oriented databases use the concept of classes and subclasses to store and organize data. Databases usually do not exist in isolation but are part of database systems. A database system, besides the collection of records, provides a number of features such as searching for records, accessing them and updating them. Typically databases use the language SQL (Structured Query Language) to access the data and make changes to it. Popular database systems include Oracle, IBM’s DB2 and Microsoft Access. Databases play a vital and indispensible role in organizations today and are of great importance. One of the reasons for this is that they have replaced the old paper files and records. This makes the information become compact and is no longer scattered in paper files. Not only do paper files taka a lot of space, they are also vulnerable of being destroyed by fire etc. Besides saving in the space, the database provides an easier access to data. It allows the users to retrieve data in very little time and to update it easily. Data from a database can be retrieved and sorted in a number of ways depending on the requirements. Databases can provide the same information to a number of users at the same time. A large number of users can access the information and update it simultaneously. This is not possible with manual systems (SQLServer.com). Databases usually contain collection of data records of files related to a common subject or entity. Typically databases are part of information systems. These systems are used for a number of purposes. In a business organization, databases are used for storing information on finance, sales, customer records etc. Similarly, databases are immensely used in banking, healthcare and education industries. In this paper, we shall focus on the use of databases in

Norman v Future Publishing Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Norman v Future Publishing Limited - Essay Example The appellant’s original complaint went as stated in the originating Statement of Claim went on to allege that the publication of the words used had the result of placing the appellant into â€Å"ridicule, mockery and contempt.†Ã‚  Ã‚   It was also alleged that the words used in the publication had caused serious injury to the appellant’s â€Å"personal and professional reputation and in any event to her feelings.†   Lord Buckley, the judge at first instance struck out Norman’s Statement of Claim, essentially ruling that the words used, when taking together with the entire article could not be construed in the manner pleaded by Norman.   Norman then appealed to the Court of Appeal against the lower court’s decision under Order 82, Rule 3A of the Rules of Supreme Court, 1994 which provides that any party to a defamatory action may apply to a judge in chambers for an order â€Å"determining whether or not the words complained of are capabl e of bearing† certain meanings or the meanings complained on in the originating process.   The Order goes on to provide that if the judge upon hearing such an application agrees that the words complained of are not capable of â€Å"bearing the meaning† alleged in the pleadings he is at liberty to â€Å"dismiss the claim or make such other order as he deems just and fair.   The Court of Appeal went on to state that although appeals under this Order are typically discouraged,   when the result of the order is to dismiss the action altogether as it did in Norma’s case, or to take away from the jury the consideration.

The Most Important Contributors to Health Compromising Behaviors Essay

The Most Important Contributors to Health Compromising Behaviors - Essay Example One in five of all deaths every year in the United States have been credited to smoking, killing more than AIDS, suicide, alcohol, car accidents, homicide, and illegal drugs combined (American Cancer Society, 2004). Smoking is badly affecting the society. It is the most common addiction all around the world. In developing and countries where literacy rate is nil or less are more addicted to smoking and hence their behavior towards their relatives, education, society and future changes. With the adverse affect on health they face mental sickness. To decrease the rate of smoking many coutries are taking necessary steps as Bishop and Yoo (1985) declared that a surgeon's general report in 1964, regarding the knowledge of severe health affect of smoking, showed a diminution in cigarette sales. Before the provision of this report, taxes fixed on cigarettes were intended just to raise the revenue on the sale of cigarettes. However, after the provision of the Surgeon General's report, the ta xes fixed on cigarettes had an additional purpose of discouraging cigarette smoking (Meier & Licari, 1997). However, a great amount of people are addicted to alcoholic drinks, which are also a chief cause of ill-health nowadays. Drug abuse not only affects an individual but harm the whole society or community. The people who are addicted to alcohol consumption not only waste their money and precious time due to intoxication but also leave a bad impact on their young ones. Research explains that increased sales law enforcement can decrease the selling of alcohol to individuals. Plainly, setting up enforcement of lowest alcohol buying age laws is desired to make them more efficient (Grube, 1997). Drinking is harmful for the social and cultural values of a person. Intoxicated drivers do not just harm their own life but may also create risk for the other drivers and people around. Alcohol users being well aware of these problems do not quit it. Extreme drinking is really terrible for physical and mental conditions. Alcohol increases the risk of serious illness like heart disease, liver disease, reproductive problems and memory loss. It is declared in journal of the American medical association, the death rate of Alcoholic women is comparatively greater than Alcoholic men. This journal also declares that the danger of breast cancer rises with the regular use of alcohol. Although alcohol use is ordinary among a greater part of college undergraduates (Kuther & Timoshin, 2003; Ziemelis, Bucknam, & Elfessi, 2002), a division of students busy in a type of drinking behavior that occupies great levels of alcohol use which may put them at danger for communal, mental, emotional and physical troubles. This specific type of drinking behavior has been identified in the literature as binge drinking and includes the extreme use of alcohol in short periods (Murgraff, White, & Phillips, 1996). Current approximation discovers that about 44 percent of college students are resulted to be involved in binge drinking behavior (Torr J.D., 2002). Excessive drinking is a severe problem found in numerous colleges. To tackle this problem, study has swung towards knowing why college students use alcohol at height well over secure limits on sole drinking occasions (Murgraff et al.). More

K6 academic content and ELD standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

K6 academic content and ELD standards - Essay Example Mathematics Lesson Plan 2 Opening: The lesson will start by discussing the previously learnt lesson where the topic of discussion was conversion of percentages to fractions and percentages to decimals. The day's topic of discussion will be simple financial transactions where the students will learn about simple interest, compound interest, hire purchase, commission, discounts, and money exchange rates and about profit and loss. The lesson will start by quickly reviewing the previously learnt lesson where I will display charts with already solved problems of the previously learnt lesson of conversion of percentage to fraction and percentage to decimals. Statement of Objective: At the end of the lesson, the students should be in a position to do simple financial transaction problems like calculating simple and compound interests, discounts, commission, profit and loss and money exchange. The student should also be in a position to apply the knowledge they will acquire in the topic practically, in their day to day activities. Instructions: The lesson will begin by defining terms like interest, commission, discounts, profit and loss. Then a number of problem will be solved in class and handouts with already solved mathematical problems issued to the students. The students will also be allowed to solve some problems in groups. Assessment: To ensure that the students have understood the day's content, they will be required to solve individual problems in class to assess whether the teachers teaching objectives have been achieved. Connection: To ensure that the day's lesson is relevant, I will connect the lesson with what the student learnt in their previous lesson and the lesson they will... With this kind of a lesson plan, I am very sure my teaching objectives will be achieved in teaching Mathematics since the subject involves a lot of practice by students in order for them to understand. topic of discussion was conversion of percentages to fractions and percentages to decimals. The day's topic of discussion will be simple financial transactions where the students will learn about simple interest, compound interest, hire purchase, commission, discounts, and money exchange rates and about profit and loss. The lesson will start by quickly reviewing the previously learnt lesson where I will display charts with already solved problems of the previously learnt lesson of conversion of percentage to fraction and percentage to decimals. discounts, profit and loss. Then a number of problem will be solved in class and handouts with already solved mathematical problems issued to the students. The students will also be allowed to solve some problems in groups. My teaching objectives will be achieved in teaching Mathematics to students since for the students to understand the subject, it should be prepared to work more mathematical problems on their own rather than being lectured by the teacher.

Economic Crisis in Greece and its Impact on the Euro Essay

Economic Crisis in Greece and its Impact on the Euro - Essay Example The levels of debt and shortfalls surpassed the limits that have been set by the euro zone (CNN). As per the Euro is concerned, since its introduction in the year 1999, its value had declined substantially against the US dollar, as well as certain other currencies. The flaw was to a degree credited to outflows of capital from Europe. However, by 2007, the euro was valued at 53 percent higher than its value that was in 2001. The high interest rates in Europe in comparison to US interest rates had triggered the rebound of the euro, and attracted inflow of capital into Europe (Madura, 167). The report conveys a detailed study on the economic crisis prevailing in Greece and its impacts on the Euro. Background to the Crisis: The euro zone was incepted in the year 1999, and several independent states forsaken their own national currencies in support of a universal currency, the euro. The euro was mainly adopted because a number of advantages were expected to get bestowed by the monetary un ion on the countries that participated. Countries like Greece, which generally have high inflation, the adoption of euro could benefit by lowering the inflation and the nominal interest rates as well. Lower inflation rates encourage greater borrowing and lending, decreases the possibility of competitive devaluations, introduces a common measure of value across countries thus bringing transparency in competition across countries, and also reduces risk by eliminating exchange rate fluctuations. These advantageous features of a common currency subsist till price stability is delivered by the central bank of the monetary union and is plausible. In the case of the euro zone, the European Central Bank had rapidly recognized its anti-inflation recommendations and became credible (Provopoulos, 1-2). In spite of the above mentioned advantages, there are certain costs relevant to the adoption of euro as the common currency. A country joining the euro zone becomes incapable of setting its own domestic economic policy. Also, it no more possesses the ability to alter the nominal exchange rate of its currency. Low financial discrepancies and resilient labor and product markets is particularly important in the euro zone. The euro zone does not have a fundamental economic power that can restructure economic properties from a low-unemployment area to a high-unemployment area to lessen the consequences of unbalanced distress. Also, owing to differences in language and culture among the different countries in Europe, labor is more mobile in the United States than in here. Hence, regulation systems are required for the euro zone at a national level. Lower economic inequity and elastic product and labor markets offer mechanisms to ease the modification to alarms (Provopoulos, 2). The Greek Economy 2001-2009: With the entry into the euro zone, the Greek economy seemed to enter a new period experiencing strong development and low price rises. The changes brought about in the economi c environment with the adoption of the euro provided crucial benefits for a country like Greece that had experienced constant budget deficits, and high inflation rates levels from the early-1980s till the mid-1990s. However, along with the advantages, long term

Consultancy company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consultancy company - Essay Example The analyses are chosen because they will provide a clear picture of the business environment. They will also enable one to identify the regions that need to be changed for growth to be achieved. It is crucial to collect information about the tourism market, so as to know how to effect the planned changes. The information needed for the analysis can be collected by various means. These include use of questionnaires, conducting interviews and use of secondary data from various trade records and government offices. Use of PEST is chosen because it will enable the company assess the suitability of the external environment in terms of political, environmental, social and technological factors. This will influence the suitability for expansion of the business. SWOT analysis will enable the identification of strengths and weakness; whereby, the company can amplify its strengths and minimise its weaknesses. Porters five model will enable the company to come with ways to curb competition. Philip (2004) provides a clear and coherent illustration of the five forces. Valentine (2001) is utilised since it provides a resource based approach into SWOT analysis. Roy (2009) illustrates the current trends in tourism which might help Squire Limited in decision making. A graph showing the inbound visits to the UK has also been utilised (Janine, 2011). The tourism industry has experienced immense growth owing to the current government support and emerging trends. On the current trends, the proportion of tourists to the UK has been slightly increasing over the past year (Roy, 2009). Inbound visitors are expected to increase in 2012 due to the Olympics and Paralympics. Britain is also hosting the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee ceremony. The inbound visitors’ spending has also been on an upward trend. This means that the business will benefit enormously with the current growth in the industry. In the UK, the tourism

Economic Crisis in Greece and its Impact on the Euro Essay

Economic Crisis in Greece and its Impact on the Euro - Essay Example The levels of debt and shortfalls surpassed the limits that have been set by the euro zone (CNN). As per the Euro is concerned, since its introduction in the year 1999, its value had declined substantially against the US dollar, as well as certain other currencies. The flaw was to a degree credited to outflows of capital from Europe. However, by 2007, the euro was valued at 53 percent higher than its value that was in 2001. The high interest rates in Europe in comparison to US interest rates had triggered the rebound of the euro, and attracted inflow of capital into Europe (Madura, 167). The report conveys a detailed study on the economic crisis prevailing in Greece and its impacts on the Euro. Background to the Crisis: The euro zone was incepted in the year 1999, and several independent states forsaken their own national currencies in support of a universal currency, the euro. The euro was mainly adopted because a number of advantages were expected to get bestowed by the monetary un ion on the countries that participated. Countries like Greece, which generally have high inflation, the adoption of euro could benefit by lowering the inflation and the nominal interest rates as well. Lower inflation rates encourage greater borrowing and lending, decreases the possibility of competitive devaluations, introduces a common measure of value across countries thus bringing transparency in competition across countries, and also reduces risk by eliminating exchange rate fluctuations. These advantageous features of a common currency subsist till price stability is delivered by the central bank of the monetary union and is plausible. In the case of the euro zone, the European Central Bank had rapidly recognized its anti-inflation recommendations and became credible (Provopoulos, 1-2). In spite of the above mentioned advantages, there are certain costs relevant to the adoption of euro as the common currency. A country joining the euro zone becomes incapable of setting its own domestic economic policy. Also, it no more possesses the ability to alter the nominal exchange rate of its currency. Low financial discrepancies and resilient labor and product markets is particularly important in the euro zone. The euro zone does not have a fundamental economic power that can restructure economic properties from a low-unemployment area to a high-unemployment area to lessen the consequences of unbalanced distress. Also, owing to differences in language and culture among the different countries in Europe, labor is more mobile in the United States than in here. Hence, regulation systems are required for the euro zone at a national level. Lower economic inequity and elastic product and labor markets offer mechanisms to ease the modification to alarms (Provopoulos, 2). The Greek Economy 2001-2009: With the entry into the euro zone, the Greek economy seemed to enter a new period experiencing strong development and low price rises. The changes brought about in the economi c environment with the adoption of the euro provided crucial benefits for a country like Greece that had experienced constant budget deficits, and high inflation rates levels from the early-1980s till the mid-1990s. However, along with the advantages, long term

TWO page summary and critique Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TWO page summary and critique - Article Example pproach, consisting of beginnings in which the contract is negotiated between the counselor and client, middles in which the counselor explores the story of the client, and endings in which the discussion is concluded. Finally, the counselor works out ways based on the information he/she has received to help the client. In the beginnings stage, it is important that the counselor lends a sense of empowerment to the client so that the client feels confidant and his/her tendency to narrate life episodes is optimized. In the middles stage, the counselor’s focus should be to develop a rapport with the client so that the client reveals about his/her life more. In the ending stage, the counselor should clarify any doubts with respect to understanding or recording of information with the client. Savickas’s approach creates multiple approaches for assisting people with career transitions. I find Savickas’s systematic approach to counseling quite appealing because it provides a concise yet holistic understanding of the process of counseling. It makes it easier to memorize the process and the activities it entails by categorizing it into three stages (National Guidance Research Forum, 2012). The focus of the article is the key points a counselor must pay attention toward in each stage so that the counseling session is the most productive and the client is able to benefit from the counselor’s approach. It is correct that peoples career choices are determined, to a large extent by their life experiences and social connections. Media is a very powerful projector of the norms and values, trends and traditions of a culture. In my professional career counseling, I will Savickas’s systematic approach by trying to develop a comfort level and rapport with my client. I will give the client a gift in our first meeting suited to the client’s age and gender so that the client feels good about me. I shall also provide the client with a list of questions and ask him/her if

Social Phenomenon Warrants Sociological Research Essay Example for Free

Social Phenomenon Warrants Sociological Research Essay There are several social phenomenon’s and social problems that warrant sociological research however, there is one that stands out more in this mind than in any other one. Being a church going individual something that truly needs sociological research are the Mega Churches. What defines a mega church? Its basic description is â€Å"a congregation which has two thousand or more worship attendees in a week† (Thumma, 2007, para. 1). The megachurch is an organization unlike any other. In order to fully the megachurch, it must be viewed as a phenomenon rather than incredible growth or outstanding successful spiritual ventures. After investigating the megachurch there are several common characteristics that appeared. One of these common characteristics is obviously size, which is the most common characteristic; however, the list of traits is much longer. There are three distinctive ways of expressing the megachurch message. They are nontraditional, the conventional, and the composite. Just like all general descriptions of social phenomena, any megachurch will vary in its characteristics. On the other hand, these congregations have too much in common not to be seen as a distinctive social and religious reality. Megachurches are a new phenomenon. The megachurch is more than a church with a massive attendance. â€Å"It is a congregation with a distinctive pattern of organization, programmatic ministries, and membership relations† (Thumma, 2007, para. 5). The rapid growth of this form of congregations has become more and more within the last several decades. Almost all the current megachurches were founded after 1955; however, they mainly came about more around the decade of the eighties. Since Durkheim, sociologists have been interested in the church as a social phenomenon. Now Mega churches are a growing phenomenon in U. S. ociety. They attract the attention of scholars, religious leaders and journalists. Although most churchgoers in the United States still attend smaller churches, the attention of religious practice into large associations is an issue for sociologists studying religion and organizations. The problem with the megachurch is that there is a social issue there, such as questions like how do such large organizations function and survive? How does one minister, pastor, or reverend, attend to the need of so many people? I would research this social phenomenon by using the scientific method. The only real way to do it. I identified the problem, which is how do such large organizations function and survive? and how does one minister, pastor, or reverend, attend to the need of so many people? I then formulated the hypothesis of them having several associate pastors, and leaders in the church to help out with different activities and sections of the church. Then, I reviewed different literature on megachurches and how they operate and function. Lastly, I drew the conclusion to the research and found out how they function and hold things together. It turns out that the main or senior minister or pastor is not the only leader of the church. It turns out that there are large numbers of staff and volunteers. As the church grows, the number of â€Å"employees† so to speak grows too. They help coordinate and facilitate through the week and on the weekends. In my research I found out that â€Å"megachurches average 20 full-time paid leadership staff positions and 9 part-time positions. These churches also have on average 22 paid full-time and 15 paid part-time administrative or support staff positions† (Thumma, 2007, para. 36). On average there are more than 284 volunteers that put in more than five hours of work a week. More than 50% of these volunteers put in between 20 to 40 hours a week in service to the church. This therefore, supports my hypothesis that the minister has help in running the megachurch. In conclusion, based upon the research done a megachurch is a social phenomenon. Having so many people who socialize, sociologists have so much to research so that others can understand how things like this work. Through sociological research American society can get a better perspective on how different things go that not everyone is a part of. Therefore, giving sociologists a great demand.

Comparing Television and Internet Sports News Essay -- Comparison Comp

Comparing Television and Website News Television news is one of the best ways for people to know what is going on in the world today. With the momentum the World Wide Web has gained with in the last 6 years many television news station have also add a website to their media coverage. ESPN is no different; the station still has Sports Center where all the viewers can keep up with their favorite sport, but ESPN also has the website www.msn.espn.go.com where the viewer can get the same or even more information than in the television broadcast. Which is better? Why would a person choose one form of media over the other? It is not that one form is better than the other, it depends what the person wants to get out of that medium. The channel ESPN gives the viewer exactly what they expect, a quick overview of what happened in the sports world today. The announcers joke around to make the viewer feel like there is a human interaction that is taking place, the announcers also makes it feel like more of an entertainment program then a news program. The highlights that are shown are about the big events in sports like the Angels winning their first World Series. Other smaller sports almost go unnoticed. ESPN also likes to give the viewer a little bit of knowledge about the players of a particular game. Most of these interviews or stories are extremely short and really a viewer gains no real amount of knowledge. The viewer must sit back and hear what the producers of the show want them to hear. There is not a choice of whether the viewer watches highlights of baseball or gets the story about Sarah Hughes and how she injured her leg muscle. The website www.msn.espn.go.com gives viewers another look at a lot of the s ame stories as the ... ...rial in the way that they do. There are many reasons why people use the media or different medium to view the same media. Those reasons are the uses and gratification model provided by McQuail, Blumler, and Brown. People want to get a fulfillment after watching a show or in this case a sports broadcast. They wanted to achieve something like making sure there team is doing well or all the players are healthy. In case of ESPN there are two ways to view this information. The viewer can either watch the broadcast and be entertained by the broadcasters and see the plays. Or the viewer can take the more direct route by going to www.msn.espn.go.com and getting the exact same information only with more detailed. Either way the viewer is accomplishing something it could be bonding with a child, conversing with co-workers, or just being aware of the sports world around them.

Negotiating Identity: The Frontier in Moby-Dick, by Herman Melville :: Moby Dick Essays

Written during a period of American history characterized by great expansionism, Herman Melville's Moby-Dick may be read as a reflection upon both the rapidly changing geographical frontiers of America, and the accompanying shift of social, political, religious and cultural boundaries. The Pequod's world is governed by laws other than those of the American mainland. Figuratively situated at the frontier of the New World, the ship evokes the mythic American pioneer with the independent spirit, aggression and courage to wrench a nation from the wilderness. Melville lays out a version of the frontier myth that sees redefinition of national identity in terms of man confronting his other, reaffirming the self, and - through Ishmael's survival and narration - returning to civilization having defined what he is not.. Captain Ahab and his obsessive quest for the white whale symbolize in its most extreme form, an American desire to face the wild unknown and to promote national ascendancy thro ugh the confrontation. This paper will examine the seductive but limited conditions under which claims to define American-ness are able to be made in Moby-Dick, through interrogating the way in which the crew's desires are subsumed into Ahab's private vendetta. The notion of the frontier as a place of infinite possibility, where power relations are renegotiated, even as are geographical limits, goes some way towards explaining why, despite Ahab's disregard for his men's well-being, they agree to follow him down his tragic path. Both the license that Ahab's position gives him to compel them into action, and his ability to tap the crew's own belief in the power of the mythical American capacity for self-reinvention, indicate the potential for unbridled violence in the search for the self. Crucially, this highlights the discrepancy between America's claims of its own democracy, liberty and equality, and its national enthusiasm for imperialist conquest and its tolerance of slavery. The pervasiveness of the mythological connection between American self-invention and aggression, is underlined by Slotkin in his claim that the first colonists saw in America an opportunity to regenerate their fortunes, their spirits, and the power of their church and nation; but the means to that regeneration ultimately became the means of violence, and the myth of regeneration through violence became the structuring metaphor of the American experience. (Slotkin, 5) Renowned for the risk it involved, and for the physical demands it made on the sailors, whaling invites many comparisons with both the pioneer's intrepid conquest of the western wilderness, and the march of soldiers into war.

Biochemical Cycles

INTRODUCING WITH BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES Biochemical cycles Nutrients are important for organisms to function. Each nutrient has a role in global biogeochemical cycles. A nutrient is a chemical that organisms need to live and grow and are substances an organism's uses for metabolism which must be taken in from its environment that enrich the organism. Two types of nutrients are macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are needed in large quantities while micronutrients are needed in smaller quantities.A biogeochemical cycle moves chemical element between living, and nonliving parts in the environment. I will describe the water cycle, explaining the major processed involved and the relationship of micronutrients. There are five major global biogeochemical cycles, each with a different function and relationship to micronutrients. They can be classified as either gaseous, sedimentary, or hydrololic. The water cycle is a hydrologic cycle that moves water in the biosphere through evap oration, condensation and precipitation.Two sedimentary cycles are the sulfur and phosphorous cycle. Their main reservoirs are in soil and rock sediments. Sulfur enters the cycle as hydrogen sulfide and is oxidized to sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide and water vapor makes sulfuic acid in the rainfall. It is then absorbed by plant roots and turned into amino acids traveling through the food chain and released by decomposition. In the phosporous cycle, phosporours is released through erosion or mining. It is then absorbed by roots and then travels through the food chains and returned to sediment.When the main reservoir of the nutrient is the atmosphere it is considered a gaseous cycle. The carbon and nitrogen cycles are gaseous cycles. Carbon enters the environment during photosynthesis and is returned through cellular respiration. Nitrogen enters the cycle by nitrogen fixation and results in ammonia and nitrates that are carried to the Earth by precipitation. Once they entered into the soil they are absorbed by plants. Micronutrients are needed in each of the biogechemical cycles to help convert, absorb, or facilitate each cycle.Water is essential to all organisms and has a major impact on global processes. The hydrologic cycle begins with the evaporation of water from the ocean. Evaporation is caused by solar energy. The ocean is the major reservoir in the water cycle. It contains 97% of the water in the biosphere. As moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor forms. Moisture is then moved around the atmosphere until it returns to the Earth's surface as precipitation. Once water reaches the surface it becomes groundwater.Groundwater either seeps back into the oceans, rivers, and streams, or absorbed by plants. The leaves and stems put water back into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. Transpiration accounts for approximately ten percent of all evaporating water returning to the cycle. Biogeochemical cycles are pathways which macronutrients , micronutrients, or other molecules move through the biosphere, litosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. These nutrients are recycled and passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through biogeochemical cycles.

Situational Analysis

He has conducted FAA required courses and conducted recurrent flight crew training for DC-10 flight crews. Framing Is a way of labeling different Individual Interpretations of a situation. When Denny heard the explosion when the second engine failed he knew there was something terribly wrong and went to the cockpit to offer any help he could to the crew. Without him the crew would not have been able to land the plane since they needed someone with flight experience to manually steer the plan. He used active listening skills paying close attention to the captain and co-pilot's body language to tell him how serious the emergency was.Body language, including facial expressions, hand gestures and degree of eye contact, can provide clues about the other person's thoughts and feelings. He found the pilot and co-pilot's knuckles white with tendons bursting from their hands as they tried to steer the plane. Denny did a great Job of effectively analyzing the situation and Jumped In to help. A lthough 112 people lost their lives that day 184 were saved to pass on their knowledge and expertise to others. Captain Hayes attributes five factors to the success of landing the airplane in Sioux City Iowa hey are luck, communications, preparations, execution and cooperation.Communication within the cockpit intensified as soon as they realized that they were in very serious trouble (Haynes, 1997). Haynes ordered Dudley to get in touch with the San Francisco Rear Maintenance (SAM) to see if they could help the crew regain control of the plane. Through this communication the Chicago flight center was able to prepare an airplane with medical supplies and people available to help the staff of the Sioux City local hospital some of whom were at Haynes hospital room before he ad even arrived. Situational Analysis He has conducted FAA required courses and conducted recurrent flight crew training for DC-10 flight crews. Framing Is a way of labeling different Individual Interpretations of a situation. When Denny heard the explosion when the second engine failed he knew there was something terribly wrong and went to the cockpit to offer any help he could to the crew. Without him the crew would not have been able to land the plane since they needed someone with flight experience to manually steer the plan. He used active listening skills paying close attention to the captain and co-pilot's body language to tell him how serious the emergency was.Body language, including facial expressions, hand gestures and degree of eye contact, can provide clues about the other person's thoughts and feelings. He found the pilot and co-pilot's knuckles white with tendons bursting from their hands as they tried to steer the plane. Denny did a great Job of effectively analyzing the situation and Jumped In to help. A lthough 112 people lost their lives that day 184 were saved to pass on their knowledge and expertise to others. Captain Hayes attributes five factors to the success of landing the airplane in Sioux City Iowa hey are luck, communications, preparations, execution and cooperation.Communication within the cockpit intensified as soon as they realized that they were in very serious trouble (Haynes, 1997). Haynes ordered Dudley to get in touch with the San Francisco Rear Maintenance (SAM) to see if they could help the crew regain control of the plane. Through this communication the Chicago flight center was able to prepare an airplane with medical supplies and people available to help the staff of the Sioux City local hospital some of whom were at Haynes hospital room before he ad even arrived.

Book Summary: the Bible Among the Myths by John N. Oswalt Essay

John Oswalt, in his book The Bible Among the Myths, presents his position to the reader that the bible is different and separate from other writings of the Ancient Near East. He asserts the Bible is both historically accurate and theologically sound. He makes the defense the Bible was divinely inspired and revealed to humanity and unique from other Ancient Near East literature. There was a time when the Bible, and the Israelite religion was different from its neighboring societies. But as times have changed, many people now lump the bible with other Ancient Near East myths. The book is broken up into two sections. The first half of the book, â€Å"The Bible and Myth,† Oswalt takes the time to define what a myth is and what differentiates the Bible from a myth. He then describes the different between the worldview of the Ancient Near East and continuity is different from the Bible’s transcendence. The second half of the book, â€Å"The Bible and History,† examines several philosophical thoughts proposed by others that attempt to explain the Bible’s relevance separate from historical validity. Oswalt provides excellent arguments against the new age philosophies. Oswalt provides an articulate argument for the veracity of the Bible’s history and theology by providing several convincing points to affirm the Bibles varicity. Introduction John N. Oswalt, in his book The Bible Among the Myths, provides the reader with a brief, yet comprehensive view of the differences and similarities between the Old Testament and Ancient Near East religions. In the introduction, he provides a brief overview of scholarly thought regarding the Old Testament literature and Ancient Near East literature and how perspectives have changed in nearly 50 years. Oswalt states at the time he was introduced to the subject, scholars believed the Old Testament and its theology stood alone from other Ancient Near East religions. He now contends that present day scholars believe the Old Testament is just one of many Ancient Near East religions. Oswalt states it was the differences between the Old Testament and other Ancient Near that separated the two. But today, scholars are taking the same data and looking their similarities (11-13). He states that this is a â€Å"vital philosophical distinction between â€Å"essence† and â€Å"accident.†Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Essence† has to do with the essence of the subject whereas â€Å"accident† is those things that are not essential to the subject (13). He insinuates that scholars of today are centering their attention on the â€Å"accidental† attributes of the Old Testament and Ancient Near East religions and not centering on those things that are the essence of the subject; those things that make the religions different. It is these similarities and differences Oswalt states he will center his attention (14). Oswalt then turns the attention of the reader to the definition of a myth. He states there are different definitions of a myth but the Bible is not one of them. He states when people start to think of this word as â€Å"typical of a myth,† then four things happen: 1) The individual is devalued; 2) There becomes a disinterest in history; 3) People become open to the occult; and 4) People do not take responsibility for their actions (14). Oswalt believes what makes the difference between the Old Testament (OT) and the Ancient Near East (ANE) literature is how God makes himself divinely known to his people. The next premise Oswalt boldly states is that if we believe in Scripture theologically, then we can also believe that the Bible is historically true. He states, â€Å"the veracity of the theological claims of the OT is inseparable from the veracity of the historical claims† (16). The Bible maintains a â€Å"unique worldview† and is one that has been revealed by God to his people, Israel. He states there are things we must wrestle with when it comes to investigation the Bible historically from its theological stand but the Bible can uphold its claim to be theologically and historically viable. Chapter 1 Chapters one through five discuss the differences and similarities of the Bible compared to ANE literature. The premise of chapter one is the Bible has had a major impact on the world, especially with its contributions to Greek philosophy and thought. Greek philosophers believed there was one â€Å"unifying principle in the cosmos† (21) and that everything could be identified and reasoned with through logic. As Oswalt states, this brought into conflict the thought of a myth based polytheistic society to a monotheistic mindset. Oswalt states that the Hebrew thought survived through the exilic period in Assyria and Babylon even though they were in direct conflict with the societies in which they were captive. Israel brought into these societies the thought that there was only one God and He was the creator of the world and humanity. In addition, Oswalt states the Israelites brought the unique ideas that God was not dependent upon humanity but himself and that God revealed himself to humanity and gave them specific understandings of what he expected from his people. It was only by God’s design that the people of Israel were able to maintain their religion in a foreign land. Greek and Hebrew thoughts combined into a complementary way of thinking about the universe and the world. The Hebrew religion of one creator who created the world found a place in the Greek philosophy of a unifying principle to the universe. On the other hand, Greek philosophy could combine itself by to Hebrew ideas by linking the cause and effect of the world (26). Oswalt states that there was a necessity for the biblical worldview. Without it liking itself with the Greek philosophy, we would not have a need for reason, understand the importance of history and have value of the individual (27). Chapter 2 Oswalt, in chapter two, attempts to define the word myth but prior to his discourse, he revisits the divergence of scholars going from believing in the OT as a separate piece of literature from all other ANE mythological literature to being placed in the mix of ANE literature as mythology. Oswalt contends the job of defining a myth is challenging especially in a climate the Bible is being placed with other ANE literature. He states there are two definitional problems. The first problem has to do with the definitions of myth. He states there has been a breakdown in providing an accurate definition. The other problem has to do with the definition itself. It may not accurately describe the members of a class (32). Two primary definitions are provided for the reader. The first is the historical-philosophical definition which attempts to â€Å"describe how the myth operates in society† (40). Subdivisions of the historical-philosophical definition are the etymological, the sociological-theological and the literary. The second is the phenomenological. Etymological definition attempts to identify the false nature of an event or story. The sociological-theological definition is a form of story in which conveys some truth about the world. Literary definition of a myth is the narrative attempts to use the source of symbolism to convey truth or meaning (33-39). The phenomenological definition regarding a myth is to look at the common characteristics of the story and how it relates to the society. Oswalt states that all these definitions have a commonality of continuity. No matter their defined variations, they are interrelated. Oswalt states, â€Å"Continuity is a philosophical principle that asserts that all things are continuous with each other† (43). Myths are to have a common approach to the world (45). Chapter 3 The idea of continuity in myths is continued and expended in chapter three. Continuity can better be defined as all elements of a myth are interrelated physically and spiritually, in a circular motion, to each other. In a story, there are no distinctions between humanity, nature and the divine. This also includes the thought of pantheism, â€Å"the divine is everything and everything is divine† (49). The problem with this is that there are no absolutes, and people and nature are equal to god. Oswalt state, there are a number of â€Å"far-reaching implications† with regard to continuity. The first is that myths only look at the here and now, the present, and keeping things as status quo. Myths are not in interested in the future or moving forward. Second, myths do not look at the involvement of humanity and the choices they made. Third, myths also perpetuate the actualization of a â€Å"timeless reality.† Maintenance of the system is needed. This is accomplished through sexual relations in order to maintain fertility of the earth and living creatures as well as performing other ritualistic acts in order to ensure the gods and goddesses maintain the cycle of fertility. Fourth, nature is used as an important â€Å"expression of the divine.† The gods were personified in nature. Fifth, mythology used magic in order to accomplish something in nature or in the divine realm. Finally, because of this continuity, there are no boundaries which cause a blurring o f the natural, human and divine (44-56). Once both sides of continuity are explained, Oswald provides what he believes are common features of myths. There are always elements of polytheism. There are multiple gods. Gods are always represented by some natural element such as wood, stone or other natural element. The gods are not multidimensional and are stereotyped. The gods are not valued nor are humans. The gods are appeased by certain acts and humans are subject to the gods. There is always an element of conflict in the myth either with the gods or other human conflict. Eternity, both before and after the establishment of the world, was and is chaotic. Because humanity is at the whim of the gods, there is no standard of ethic. Finally, the cycle of life is cyclical. Oswalt states that the cycle goes from â€Å"nonexistence to dependence to independence to dependence to nonexistence† (57-61) Chapter 4 Biblical transcendence and the transcendence of God are the major themes of chapter four. While chapter three centered on the identifying factors of what constitutes a myth, Oswalt provides several key elements that make the Bible, especially the God of the Bible, unusual and exceptionally different from other ANE mythological literature and religions. As mentioned before, there is only one godly source of the OT (64). God who is spirit is separate from his creation and cannot be created in any form (65). Once created, the conflict ended with created order both in heaven and on earth (67). God created man in his image and therefore gave him importance by being in his likeness (69). Oswalt interesting notes that God is â€Å"supra-sexual.† Meaning, God is not known by his sexual identity but his roles. In addition, creation is not directed by sexual activity (73). God in all his activities can be relied upon to do all that he said he would do and not deviate as those gods of myths. God prohibited magic was as a method of manipulating Him into some type of action (75). The final element is in regard to the Sinai covenant God made with the people of Israel. They were obligated to live a certain lifestyle whereas there were no restrictions for the other who lived outside of the covenant (76). Comparing and contrasting the biblical worldview from those of a mythological perspective provides some understanding of how radically different and distinctive they are from each other. Transcendence verses continuity; God is above all and separate from the universe, nature and humanity. God interacts with humanity through his covenant relationship. Chapter 5 Oswalt continues his discussion between the differences between the Bible and mythology however he looks at it in light of their similarities. Before he does looks at those similarities, however, Oswalt digs deeper into the ethic as it relates to human relationships with God and man. He states that there are two offences, which are offenses against the gods and offences against other people (85). The mythic ethic, offences against the gods in literature were â€Å"cultic or magical† where offences against people were against society, (85-86). Oswalt points out offences against the gods had nothing to do with their treatment of each other. The biblical ethic was something different, more wholistic. Behavior on every level, social and personal was out of obedience in the covenantal relationship with God (88). God and his relationship with the covenantal people maintained the same standard. The author provides a few examples where it would seem as though the Bible is a similar to myth. He provides examples of the creation story in Genesis and in Psalms to point some similarities in the Enuma Elish (Babylonian creation account) and other literature. Oswalt acknowledges that similarities and disputes them as something the Bible took from mythos but that they were similar practices not intended to make the Bible like other biblical literature as much as identifying the differences that stood apart from other literature. Chapter 6 Chapter six marks the second half of the book as it discusses history and the Bible. Like before in the attempts of defining myth, Oswalt attempts to accurately define history. He defined history, in summary, as a narrative that records events which is recorded for â€Å"human self-knowledge† and used as a means of evaluation in order to capture important events. According to Oswalt, there are several factors that are dependent upon when understand history. The first thing is that people are â€Å"free and responsible.† The second item is that there are causes and effects in everything that happens. The recorded information must be true is the third element. The fourth key is history can be used as a learning tool for other to grow. Fifth thing is that what happened yesterday is just as relevant today and that there is significance in their â€Å"relationships.† Finally, there must be a standard in which the information is evaluated (113-115). There are several ways ancient people of the Near East recorded events of their lives. They are omen texts, king lists, date formulae, epics, royal annals, and chronicles. Omens were documents that contained something that predicted the good or bad of an event or circumstance. The kings’ lists contained the genealogy of the names and duration of the kings in power. Date formulae contained the yearly accomplishments of the kings. Epics were a narrative of events in a hero’s life which attempted to convey life’s philosophy. Royal annals were recorded events of a king and existed to â€Å"glorify the king† not so much to accurately chronicle what really happened. Chronicles were recordings of what actually happened, both positive and negative. They are about as accurate a historical record then the rest. In all, they were specific in the information they contained (116-122). Unlike our historians today or even the historical view of the Bible, the peoples of the ANE perspective was different than ours today. They were generally focused on the here and now and not future orientated. Their orientation included making sure they maintained the status quo in order to maintain the good in their lives. The best for everyone was to maintain the order of their society. They believed that everything was outside their control with a multiciplicity of causes determining their fate. This provides reasons why they were not interested in recording for the future and concerned about seeing the relationships of the events that took place in their lives. The Bible, on the other hand, provides a different perspective. As Oswalt states, â€Å"They [characteristics of the Bible] are clearly presented to us as unique individuals, firmly rooted in time and space† (125). The events which took place were recorded whether they were positive or negative. The events were recorded showing the interrelationships between the events and persons as well as showing the results of human choices and the impact those choices had on the lives of those people. The Bible connects all the pieces together in a way that transcends â€Å"the events themselves† by showing the divine interaction with humanity (127). Oswalt asks the question how then could the Israelite nation be different without myth. He indicates it is because there was only one God who kept â€Å"breaking into their experiencing and smashing their easy interpretations† (134). God kept involving himself in their lives and these events were recorded. Chapter 7 Chapter seven unpacks Oswalt’s position that the Bible is historically accurate and theologically sound. Oswalt debunks the idea that history must be recorded without divine involvement in order for it to be historically accurate. In fact, he indicates that is what differentiates the Bible from any other work (138-139). The author states that it is the unique working of God in the lives of people to reveal his divine purposes, which is nowhere else in any literature other than the Bible (142). It is what he calls â€Å"revelation through Human-Historical experience† (149). God revealed himself and was divinely involved in the lives of the Israelites. Oswalt notes that he Bible did not â€Å"bifurcate between revelation and witness to revelation† (140). The author goes on to state that if we fail to acknowledge God in the history then how can we accept the â€Å"acts† of God presented in the literature. There is also the question of how can God be known if we take him out of the equation. Although many maintain that one cannot have an accurate account of history with God. Owalt maintains that without God there cannot be an accurate history without God. Israel had a different and unique perspective of God in literature. Chapter 8 Chapter eight is an extension of chapter seven although Oswalt moves forward on his conviction that the Bible is both historically accurate and theologically relevant. He critically reviews two popular scholars’ works that have attempted to separate history from the Bible. The first is Rudolf Bultmann’s Existentialist Foundation and the other is Alfred North Whitehead’s Process Thought. The Existentialist Foundation is the way one sees self relevant to history. As Oswalt explains, â€Å"Instead of seeing the self as an entity shaped by history and a human â€Å"nature,† this way of thinking sees â€Å"existence as the most fundamental aspect of historic consciousness† (156). Oswalt states there are several problems with this philosophy; the first major issue is the use of the term â€Å"history.† He says that the term must be narrowed even further. He introduces the reader to the separation of the â€Å"narrative Geschichte from the event Historie. Geschichte is what is â€Å"going on and is in the domain of the theologian.† Meaning what is in the narrative of the story. Historie defines â€Å"what happened and is in the domain of the historian† (157). Historie centers upon what is the event that is actually happening in the story. Oswalt identifies several flaws with the Existentialist philosophy but the major ones are, 1) God is removed from the process; and, 2) The historical narrative excludes the past there is no acceptance of any standard of evaluation or appreciation of past events. Process Thought is seeks to take the events of the Bible and create together the events that take place into a new event. The events are integrated of the past, present and future. It is interested in the event not so much the substance. This too has its faults, one being that it also removes the transcendence of God in the narrative (167). Chapter 9 Oswalt provides alternative views concerning the biblical worldview in chapter nine. He maintains his stand that the biblical narrative has not changed but thoughts about it have and the biblical narrative is different than other mythological narratives. The author provides four alternatives concerning the biblical narrative. The first alternative is from John Van Seters. Seters stand is that several documents were pieced together and then priests rewrote what we now have today. The document was a work by someone using works similar to Thucydides and Herodotus. The second alternative is from Frank Cross. Cross work asserts that the bible came out of rewriting a poetic epic. The third alternative is from William Dever. Dever does deny archeological evidence of biblical history nor does he believe in the bible’s â€Å"religious explanation of Israel’s existence and nature† (178). Dever stand is Israel’s religion was no different than that of the Canaanite religion until after the exile and the religion has been inaccurately perceived. The fourth alternative is from Mark Smith. Smith suggests that Israel’s religion originated from the polytheistic religion of the Canaanites (181). Oswalt argues that not one of these alternative thoughts of the biblical narrative has proved the unique nature of the Bible. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 concludes the book by summarizing Oswalt’s main points he expressed throughout the book. The bible is both historically accurate and theologically sound. The Bible is unique and separate from myth literature but their similarities should not stand in the way of perceiving it as different. What makes it markedly different is that a transcendent God come to involve him into the lives of humanity is radically different means than that of the other cultures which overrode the continuity of myths.