Freedom of Information in Nigeria Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Freedom of Information in Nigeria - Term Paper ExampleThe explanation for this secretive policy may not be very clear but most of the nations that have taken this orientation of secrecy including Nigeria have cited national security measure as one of the greatest motivations for the secrecy policy. This idea seeks to highlight the issues and prospects as far as the freedom of information and national security in Nigeria be concerned.Freedom of information may be outlined as the powerful of any citizen in any state to be informed in writing or in any form permit on request of disclosure from a governmental agency and if the agency refuses the citizen can quest the reason for refusal. In different words, any citizen has a right to demand any kind of information from the government or its agent upon which if the government or agent deems otherwise then the citizen has a right to demand an explanation as to why he or she has been denied the information requested for (Horrigan, 19 98 pp90).Freedom of information legislation is sometimes known as open records is a set of rules that allows for access to government held information by the semipublic. These sets of rules form the legal framework that puts the government under obligation to avail government information to the public as need may be. Most countries in the world have legislated FOI. Actually, more than 70 countries countrywide enjoy this freedom to information with Swedens FoI legislation termed as the Freedom of the Press Act dates far back to 1766 and it is deemed to be the oldest worldwide. In Africa, only three countries have legislated FoI and these are Angola, S. Africa and Uganda. Nigeria is in the process of legislating FoI correct though the process has been very slow and often laced with controversy. However there are hopes that with the present concentrateure on the government from stakeholders in FoI i.e. the public, press/media, judiciary, human rights activists, NGOs etc, the bill is likely to sail through the House of Representatives sooner than later.National security on the other hand refers to the obligation to preserve the natural selection and survival of a nation or state through by the use of political, military and financial power. It is an investment that the nation makes to make sure that her citizens are safe and they lack nothing. Further, the national territory together with its institutions may uphold fairness and this integrity is what is called national security. In other words, national security is the integrity of the national territory and its institutions (Raskin, 1979).What relationship exists between freedom of information and national security The two are closely related that when you mention one the other is implied. There are restrictions to the freedom of information legislation simply because of national security. As a lot as people need to have freedom of security for the functioning of democracy, the degree should not get to a point that can injure national security. A nation has to have its secrets which must not reach the hands of enemies who may threaten the political, financial and even physical safety if the citizens. Therefore the two are related in that if a nation overindulges in one, the other suffers loss i.e. if a nation overemphasizes national security, freedom of information may not prevail sufficiently and if a nation gives too much freedom of inform

You Live, You May or Not Learn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

You Live, You May or Not Learn - Research Paper fountIn doing so, Austen emphasizes that people depend on social conventions to make it by means of life revealing that neither youth nor old age makes for a acute person. Although human nature may tend towards making mistakes, Austen suggests that it is not how old you atomic number 18 that makes for folly, it is whether you think you are always right. Anne Elliot and Fredrick Wentworth make mistakes and learn from them and Sir Walter Elliot and his daughter Elizabeth Elliot introduce and do foolish things all the time and never learning allthing. Introduction There are two types of individuals in this world, male or female. The first socio-economic class says, Whatever I say is correct. The other category says, Whatever correct is there in the world, belongs to me. The differentiation apparently looks so simple, nevertheless in human race it is profound. The former categories of individuals are egoistic. The latter are willin g to learn from own experience and from the experiences of others. Sir Walter Elliot and his daughter Elizabeth Elliot belong to the first category and Anne Elliot and Fredrick Wentworth belong to the latter category. What is surmisal alter all? It is other mans experience. A man of experience may not have academic degrees to boast of. He studies in the college of self-education, where his mind is his principal his initiative, the professors his hard work, the tutors. Such individuals have a measured approach to different situations in life. In Persuasion Jane Austen deals with complex class and sexual urge relations related to the nineteenth century English middle-class society. An author, howsoever intelligently hotshot may try, will not be able to sweep to a lower place the carpet ones own life-experiences while penning the characters in the literary works. Jane Austen is no exception to this rule. As her career progresses (per se, she also attains maturity in her thinking wi th the advancing age) I am able to see a romantic shift in the feminist and individualistic ideology and she begins to show variable cognitive qualities in her heroines and other characters. She depends on her experience to portray her characters and her heroines bring alive the prevailing aspects of feminism of the 19th century England. Actions are based upon emotions and the genesis of emotion is in the experiences gained in real life situations. One discovers ones happiness and pursuit of goals by instinct and through the play of emotions. This perspective of life may be easy for the women of the 21st century. But Jane Austens heroines belong to the 19th century male-dominated society, wherein women have little or no voice to feel free, think free and to act free. To understand the correct meaning of You Live, You May or Not Learn, it is necessary to study the sketch of the plot created by Jane Austen in Persuasion. The implied meaning of persuasion is applying pressure to conv ince about something to someone. Here is the head of the family Sir Walter Elliot, who is not willing to listen to anyone on any issue and takes decisions that affect his three daughters according to his whims and fancies. Lady Elliot has died fourteen years ago, leaving behind the asset of three daughters. Elizabeth and Anne are single, but the younger one is married to a wealthy individual. Sir Walters lavish lifestyles, and living beyond the means to maintain the level of prestige, which he thinks he commands in the society, brings the family to a good-for-nothing pass. When he is asked to prune his budget by a well-wisher of the family, Lady Russell, Sir Walters resents her counsel. According to him, he lives the ideal standard of life, befitting the essential dignity of the family, but the reality

Partnership With The Patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Partnership With The Patient - Essay ExampleUpon the arrival of the consultant, a CT inspect was carried out and came out alright. The respiratory team was as well called to assess the patient.When the hand-over was done the following day, I was again allocated the patient for continuity of charge. The patients condition remained the same. The patients family was then involved to speak to the patient in mother tongue to see if it was going to help in deliverance back patient. The respiratory team did a follow-up and the GCS improved through the involvement of family and healthcare teams. In the process of working with the patient, I was able to wax my understanding of respiration and the procedures of a patient being in the coma.At about 1700, the patient came out of the coma, the GCS went back to 14/15 and the neurological observation was fine. Even though the patient was not speaking, I was pleased with the result of the shift worked.I clean my hands every time I attend to a pa tient and use the sterilizers to make sure the patient is not infected. This includes thorough cleaning and removing of blood spillages and any other body fluids to break the maximum safety of patients. Without cleaning spillages, infections will spread to the patient (Department of Health 2003).I ensured that every time I cleaned and stored at appropriate place the care equipment so as to also reduce the spread of infections. Equipment is very useful and important. If it not cleaned and kept well, it can put the life of patient at risk (Burnard & Gill 2008). I utilised personal equipment also for protection to prevent infections. To further prevent infections, I ensure that I dispose of any waste material during my daily routine of providing healthcare support.Used linen always spreads infections in most cases and to prevent that, I was extra cautious when removing it and disposing (Naidoo & Wills 2005).

Whiteheads Prolificacy in Logic and Philosophy Essay

whiteheads Prolificacy in Logic and Philosophy - Essay ExampleBecause of this, Whitehead issues the warning that philosophy must not make a dereliction on the multifarious aspect of the world. It is for this same reason that Whitehead describes beauty as the union of intensity, harmony, and vividness which involve perfection of importance for an occasion. The same explains the reason for Whitehead seeing idol as the set of all processes and relationships so that God is radically transcendent (universe-in-god) and radically incarnate (god-in-universe). Whitehead maintains that the metaphysical status of eternal objects is resistant to change so that they remain incomprehensible without an actuality and only comprehendible within a broader conceptual frame (Stein, 2006).Whitehead noted that experiences of intelligence, ethics, artistics, and religion greatly influence the worldview of the Western culture and should, therefore, factor a more extensive and holistic cosmology. This cosmology should be comprehensive enough to provide systematic descriptive theories of the world, which are applicable for deducing human intuitions that have been arrived at through scientific, ethical, aesthetic and religious experiences. Whitehead maintains that in order for science to be, there has to be the presence of sufficient structures, given that intelligibility is a general condition essential for science and all knowledge. Whitehead also continues that science is progressive and imposes upon humanity, progressivity in thinking and inquiry. Whitehead also sees science as existing for posterity, since its progressive engine room enables the generation-generation transition into uncharted seas of adventure or inquiry.According to Whitehead, the essence of truth readily necessitates the need for verification.

Research Paper for Ethics Criminal Justice Class

For Ethics Criminal Justice Class - Research Paper ExampleAccording to Bloxham & Kushner (2005), it was very wrong for the commanders to follow the laws and orders of the trinity Reich during the Holocaust. The following quote show the hatred developed by most Germans against the JewsA Jew is for me an object of disgust. I feel like vomiting when I put through one. Christ could not possibly have been a Jew. It is not necessary to register that scientifically it is a fact.I do not need to prove this withscienceor scholarship. It is soThe Third Reich was the official Nazi designation for the regime ruling Germany from January 1933 to may 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. This Third Reich was a presumed switch of the medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire of 800 to 1806, which was the First Reich, while the German empire from 1871 to 1918 formed the Second Reich. The Third Reich operated on laws and orders that were loaded to people who were of different races from t he Germans, especially the Jews and the polish. As such, the obedience by their commanders of these laws and regulations to continually persecute and exterminate the Jews and polish in German concentration camps was very unethical. These laws and orders as followed by the Third Reich were extremely immoral and unethical. Furthermore, they were particularly against the Jewish people. Bergen (2003) argues that their defense during the Nuremberg trials was utterly wrong and unsuccessful, as law or no law it is unethical and inhumane to persecute and execute others just to follow orders.The word Holocaust originates from the Greeks, comprising a combination of two Greek words, holos which means whole, and kaustos which means burned. The Greek employ this word historically to refer to or describe a sacrificial offering that they offered burned on an altar. However, this term acquired a new and horrendous center during the Nazi regime and

World Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

World Conflict - Essay Exampleon September 9, 2001 (now on the lips as 9/11 attack).As a part of the cold state of war going on, the soviets feared that Afghanistan was being eyed by the U.S. as a stand point from where it can threaten Soviet Unions mainland. Hence, reacting to this fear, the soviet army in 1979 moved with all the arms and ammunition into afghan land. The soviets were trying to force communism on the people of Afghanistan (in their bid to fleet the region from any chance of it becoming U.S. military base that can pose threat to them. But the Afghans with the Statess support of heavy artillery and millions of dollar musical accompaniment fought back. The financial help from America was to ensure that without its direct intervention, the afghan mujahideen (who have a historic track record of fighting continuously and fiercely till death for their homeland are well equipped against the technologically advanced soviet tanks and fighter planes. American troops were no t involved in this war (Meher, page 122) The American support came in disguise through other Islamic countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan (Meher, page 199) etc be hasten the direct intervention of America could trigger the next world war. The afghan jihads resisted the soviets well above the expectation of U.S. which was matching their performance with ever increasing million dollars each year. Now with the initial strong opening to the war from the Afghans, the next step was to make the war sustainable from Afghanistan side. For that to happen, more and more Muslim volunteer jihadis were required to pick up arms and fight. The funding helped to create madrassas (Muslim schools of Islam thought) which noticed Muslims turning up in large numbers and soon they were prepared with enough expertise to wage war. It was in these madrassas that Osama Bin Laden came to work as a volunteer in the war. Osama was Saudi national and with him brought big money as well and started helping the cause by working in construction purposes and in medical aid. The madrassas were established in the border regions between Pakistan and Afghanistan which in the future will give wear to Taliban. Taliban and Al Qaeda were unitedly involved during post soviet war. And both became anti America after America withdrew funding and humanitarian aid. The soviets after crucifixion devastation and persistent resistance from the afghan fighters went into huge military losses of men and arms. At the end of war (May88), the soviets were defeated and they started their return (Wright, page 129) which was nab in 89. Afghanistan won with a major help from U.S. and the cold war ended with the fall of communism. Afghanistan victory brought happiness to common people who were the innocent victims in the war. However, immediately after the war the United States lost its interest in the region and avoided even any humanitarian policy toward the victims of soviet-afghan war and those of the civil war that followed because of lack of any established government rule. In result, lawlessness prevailed and whole of the Afghanistan went into another fight, this time intra-nation. Seeing such an acrimonious act of denial, the people of Afghanistan and the

Sainsbury's Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sainsburys Case Study - Essay ExampleFrom the auspicious events in the 1970s to the menacing twenty-first century, the attach to stakeholders had to remain on their toes being susceptible to the fluctuating financial position of the company. Impact of the problems and the solution strategy on the Investors It was all going affirmative for the company investors till the start of 2002 when the situation began to worsen. The profit position of the company deteriorated in 2004 which initiated the warning signals for the investors. The fact that half of the Board of Directors and some of the executives had resigned created a bleaker cinema for the financers of the company and hence shook the investor confidence. This must have created immense problems and communication gaps between the two parties involved. This situation demanded a huge drive towards relationship anxiety in the company. The company management and executive board needed to minimize the communication gap and that could have been done by calling company meetings and position up issues in the annual general meeting of the company (Kehoe 2011). To boost the investor confidence the company would have to work on promotion efforts in the humanity sector. On the other side, the management had started to form negative connotations of the Sainsbury familys efforts. ... There were also discrepancies in the financial matrices of the company that created a lot of misconceptions for the investors. The strategies that were later employ by the company also impacted the investors. For example, the management spent ?3bn on IT systems which certainly alarmed the investors in such troublesome times. In these times the company management badly needed to find policies that could create motivation in the investors and revise cordial relationships between the company stakeholders. All measures that had to be implemented impacted the investor directly or indirectly. Even the policy of finding a target market had imp lications for the investors (Shah 2012). The executives of the company had to use this concept as a yardstick in the process of decision making and strategic planning. From the case study we can easily identify that the investors wanted rapid profits at this time which simply was not feasible. Impact of the problems and the solution strategy on the Board of Directors The entire scenario under discussion posed serious questions on the viability of the company that should have been really worrisome for the company directors. The strategic decision making in these tough times was very difficult and each decision could have created a do or die situation for them. Hence prudence in each implementation step was needed to a lot of extent. The problems such as that of change financial position of the company must have led to people time perioding fingers at the directors. The directors would have faced pressures not only from the investors but also from the employees. The point of losin g market share must have popped up concerns